Musculoskeletal: Upper Limb

4 landmarks of the scapula

acromion, coracoid process, glenoid fossa, spine

2 landmarks of the humerus

medial and lateral epicondyles

landmark of the ulna

olecranon

the radius and ulna are located ___ and ____ respectively

lateral; medial

the 1st metacarpal is located in the _____, the 5th in the ____

thumb; pinky

there are _____, _____, and _____ phalanges

proximal, middle, distal

3 types of fascia in the body

superficial, deep, subserous

superficial fascia is located _____

between the dermis and the deep layer of fascia

two layers of superficial fascia

superficial fatty layer and membranous layer

Deep (investing) fascia is a _____ and typically lies _____

dense layer of connective tissue that covers the skeletal muscles; deep to the superficial fascia

5 main deep fascias of the upper limb

pectoral, axillary, brachial, antebrachial, palmar

Subserous fascia is found ______

between the deep aspect of the muscles of the body wall and the serous lining of a body cavity

Function of subserous fascia

anchors the "slippery" serous lining of each body cavity to the overlying body wall

two subtypes of subserous fascia

endothoracic and endoabdominal

Location and function of serous fascia

found lining body cavities to unsure a friction free environment

Some examples of serous lining fascia

pericardium, pleura, peritoneum

The anterior compartment of the arm contains what nerve and muscles with what function?

musculocutaneous nerve; flexors

The posterior compartment of the arm contains what nerve and muscles with what function?

radial nerve; extensors

The anterior compartment of the forearm contains what nerve and muscles with what function and target?

median nerve; flexors of the wrists an digits

The posterior compartment of the forearm contains what nerve and muscles with what function and target?

deep radial nerve; extensors of the wrists and digits

The thenar compartment of the hand controls movements of the ____ digit and is innervated by a _____ branch of the _____ nerve

1st; recurrent; median

The hypothenar compartment of the hand controls movements of the ____ digit and is innervated by the _____ nerve

5th; deep ulnar

The adductor compartment of the hand controls movements of the ___ digit and is innervated by the _____ nerve

1st, deep ulnar

The central and osseous compartments of the hand controls movements of the ____ digit and are innervated by the ___ nerve

2nd-5th; deep ulnar

Muscles are innervated near their ____ _____

proximal attachements

The origin of a muscle is a _____ attachment and is located _______

non-mobile; proximally

The insertion of a muscle is a ______ attachment and is located ______

mobile; distally

Flexion of the arm refers to ____ movement, while extension is ____ movement

anterior; posterior

Hunching the shoulders results in ____ of the scapula, while pinching the shoulders together results in _____ movement

protraction; retraction

Abduction of a limb is moving it ______ related to the body, adduction is moving it ______

away; closer

medial rodation of the arm brings the forearm ______ the body, while external rotation brings it _____

towards; away

Supination of the forearm rotates the thumb palm-_____, pronation rotates it palm-_____

up; down

_____ of digits brings their pads closer together

opposition

Thoraco-appendicular muscles attach _____ to the _____

upper limb; trunk

Thoraco-appendicular muscles move and stabilize the ____ ____ in response to movements of the _____ joint

pectoral girdle; glenohumeral

What 3 muscles make up the anterior thoraco-appendicular muscles

pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior

Action of pectoralis major

Adducts & medially rotates arm; flexes arm

Innervation of pectoralis major

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Proximal attachment of pectoralis major

sternum, medial clavicle, costal cartilages

Distal attachment of pectoralis major

proximal humerus

Action of pectoralis minor

Protracts, depresses, stabilizes scapula

Innervation of the pec minor

Medial pectoral nerve

Proximal attachment of pec minor

ribs 3-5

Distal attachment of pec minor

coracoid process of scapula

Action of serratus anterior

protracts scapula

innervation of serratus anterior

long thoracic nerve

Proximal attachment of serratus anterior

ribs 1-8

distal attachment of serratus anterior

medial border of scapula

Action of deltoid

flexes and medially rotates arm (anterior fibers), abducts arm (middle fibers), extends and laterally rotates arm (posterior fibers)

Innervation of deltiod

axillary nerve

proximal attachment of deltiod

lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Distal attachment of deltoid

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

The _____ is the pyramidal space between the arm and the thorax that serves as a passageway through which all nerves and vessels pass to/from the upper limb

axilla

Apex of the axilla

cervico-axillary canal (space surrounded by clavicle, scapula, & 1st rib

Boundaries of the axilla (anterior, lateral, medial)

Anterior: pectoralis major & minor muscles

Lateral: humerus

Medial: serratus anterior muscle and ribs

_____ fascia divides the arm into its compartments

Brachial

Muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Coracobrachialis

Blood supply to the anterior compartment of the arm

brachial artery

Muscle and blood supply of the posterior arm compartment

triceps brachii, deep brachial artery and vein

Proximal attachments of the short and long heads of the biceps brachii

coracoid process of scapula and superior aspect of scapula respectively

Distal attachment of biceps brachii

proximal radius ans fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

action and proximal and distal attachments of the brachialis

flexes forearm; distal half of humerus; proximal ulna

Coracobrachialis action

assists in flexion and adduction of the arm, resists dislocation

attachments of the coracobrachialis

proximal - coracoid process of scapula

distal - middle third of humerus

Proximal attachment of triceps brachii

posterior aspect of humerus and inferior scapula

distal attachment of triceps brachii

olecranon of ulna

what is the transition area between the arm and forearm

cubital fossa

The ______ fascia divides the forearm into its comparttments

antebrachial

The ____ _____ holds tendons in place at the wrist

flexor retinaculum

common proximal attachment of the anterior compartment muscles of the forearm

medial humeral epicondyle

the ____ _____ forms the superficial aspect (roof) of the carpal tunnel

flexor retinaculum

The hollow area on the lateral wrist when the thumb is fully extended whose boundaries are formed by tendons passing to the thumb

anatomical snuffbox

thickening of the deep fascia of the central compartment of the hand

palmar aponeurosis

tendons of anterior forearm can be found in the _____ compartment of the hand

central