World Music Exam III

Native/North America, Chile & Bolivia, South America

Sioux Grass Dance

Musical Characteristics: Fast tempo, steady beat, but no regular meter. High male falsetto, separate drumbeat, sliding pitches, solo/group singing, and vocables (meaningless syllables)

Pathogenic or Logogenic: Pathogenic because it is emotionally driven rather than text-driven

Any text: No meaningful text; it uses syllables

Zuni Lullaby***

Musical Characteristics: Solo singer, no drum, repetition, no harmony, voice dominates, NO METER

Pathogenic or Logogenic: Logogenic because it uses meaningful text/words in the Zuni language Shiwi’ma

Any text: Yes, in the Zuni language

Iroquois Quiver Dance

In this listening, the important texture or manner of treating a melody common to many music cultures throughout the world is called call and response

Yeibichai Navajo song / Nightway ceremony

The occasion that this song is used for is a sacred Navajo religious ceremony.

It is performed on the last night of a 9-night ritual to cure a sick person.

Sanjuan music

ID: Muyu Muyari Warmigu "Please Return, Dear Woman" - Music from the highland mountains of Ecuador, associated with the Quichua people.

Characteristics: 8-beat phrase, repeated rhythm (isorhythmic), bitonality/major-minor mixture, can be instrumental or sung

Instruments used: the Imbabura harp, and the golpeador, which beats rhythm on the harp soundbox

Bomba

ID: “Me Gusta La Leche” - Song associated with African-Ecuadorians

Origin of rhythms: African-style rhythms, with Spanish-language singing and major-minor key relationships similar to sanjuán

Instruments used: Guitars and bomba

Vaccación

Non-dance lamentation music for harp alone without golpeador, used during the Wawa Velorio

Golpeador

The person who beats rhythm on the harp

Imbabura

Refers to Imbabura Province in Ecuador and the Imbabura harp tradition.

Wawa Velorio

All-night deceased Quichua child’s wake

Charango

Small guitar-like lute with five strings, made from an armadillo shell.

Wayno

Peruvian Andean music genre; “Amor imposible” is given as an example.

Quichua

Indigenous people/language of the northern Andes of Ecuador; used to be the official language of the Incas

Victor Jara

Chilean singer and key figure in Nueva Canción

Mariachi

Traditional Mexican ensemble style.

Carlos Chavez

Important Latin American composer

Yeibichai

Navajo ceremonial song/style used in the Nightway healing ceremony.

Navajo

Diné people of the Southwestern U.S

Carlos Nakai

Navajo cedar-flute performer.

Logogenic

Music derived from spoken language / meaningful words.

Pathogenic

Music arising from emotions

Short Answer Q: What type of song is the Ecuadorian bomba?

It is a song associated with African-Ecuadorians, sung in Spanish and accompanied by African-style rhythms

Short Answer Q: What are some of the instruments the members of the Native American Church use to accompany their singing?

The water drum and rattle

Short Answer Q: What are some of the distinctive characteristics of traditional Latin American music?

Use of harmony and harmonic progressions, singing in parallel thirds, strong dance rhythms, and vigorous rhythm guitar

Short Answer Q: What is Nueva Cancion? What country and time period was was it developed? Who were the most important musicians in it's early development?

Nueva Canción was a politically engaged Latin American folk movement that used traditional styles and instruments to address contemporary issues. It developed in Chile during the 1950s-1970s.Key early figures included Violeta Parra and Victor Jara; Inti Illimani was also an important early ensemble.

Short Answer Q: Where is the name Pan flute derived from?

It is associated with the ancient Greek god Pan

Essay Question (2 Paragraphs): Compare and contrast Native American Music from North America with the music of Latin America in Central and South America (include a discussion of the musical instruments, texture, form, different styles / ceremonies, etc.)

Native American music from North America uses simple percussion (water drums, rattles, cedar flutes), monophonic or call-response texture, free meter, vocables, and repetition for ceremonies like Navajo Nightway healing.

Latin American music blends European/African/indigenous instruments (harp, charango, pan flutes), harmony with bitonality, isorhythmic dance forms, and hybrid ceremonies like Quichua Wawa Velorio.

North America prioritizes vocal emotion; Latin America adds rhythmic complexity.