AP Biology - Unit 2

Prokaryotic Cells

don’t have a nucleus, structurally simple due to lack of internal components

Eukaryotic Cells

have a nucleus, larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells

Multicellular Eukaryotes

composed of many/multiple cells; includes animals, plants, fungi, and algae

Unicellular Eukaryotes

composed of one cell

The Cell Theory

• All living things are composed of one or more cells

• Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

• All cells come from other, previous cells

Cell Membrane

part of the cell that controls what enters and leaves the cell, present in all cells, barrier that surrounds cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

part of the cell where most chemical reactions that keep the cell alive occur, holds the cell’s organelles

Chloroplast

organelle, found only in plant cells, that carries out photosynthesis

Cell walls

part of plant cell that provides plant cells with strength and rigidity

Nucleus

organelle, found within the cytoplasm of the animal cell, that holds genes/DNA

Organelle

name for a cell part with a specific function

ATP

a cell’s moment to moment energy source

Mitochondria

the cell’s ATP producer, has a double membrane: outer=smooth, inner=highly folded

Ribosome

the cell’s “protein factories” that receive instructions(RNA) from the nucleus to produce a protein that is needed, can be found floating in the cytoplasm or at the rough ER

Golgi Apparatus

modifies the proteins released from the rough ER before being sent to final destination

Centriole

during cell division, ensures that both daughter cells have a full set of chromosomes by manipulating the chromosomes with protein fibers it produces

Vacuoles

organelles used for temporary storage of materials in cells

Lysosomes

found only in animal cells, digest macromolecules and recycle worn-out cell parts

Rough ER

packages/stores the newly made proteins from the ribosomes attached to its structure

Smooth ER

detoxifies the cell and creates lipids