Enzyme ATP DNA water

Difference between DNA in eukaryotic and prokaryotic

• circular DNA

• Not associated with proteins/histones

• No introns/ non coding DNA

Different animals can have similar percentages of each base but are very different organism why?

• different genes

• Base Triplets are in a different sequence

• Different amino acid sequence codes for different protien/polypeptide chain

Virus DNA not similar to others why?

• A not equal to T

• No base pairing

• DNA is single stranded

Why new nucleotides can only be added in a 5’ to 3’ direction.

DNA polymerase is specific only binds to 5’ end. Shapes of 5’ and 3’ end are different as 5’ bonded with phosphate group and 3’ is bonded either hydroxyl

Why are DNA strands Anti parallel

• Shape of nucleotides is different

• Enzymes have active sites with specific shapes

• Only substrate with complementary shape / only 3’ end can bind with active site of DNA polymerase

Ways ATP is suitable energy source for cells to use

• releases small amounts of energy little lost as heat

• Releases energy instantaneously

• Phosphorylates other compounds making them more reactive

• Can he rapidly re synthesised

• Does not leave cells

Why’s ATP suitable for biological processes

• energy released in small amounts

• Soluble

• Involves single/ simple reaction

Why is it necessary to synthesise such large amount of ATP

• ATP cannot be stored it’s an immediate source of energy

• Only releases small amount of energy at a time