CNA Comprehensive Review: Chapters 2–41 (Pages 1–41)

A set of practice flashcards covering key terms and concepts from CNA notes across chapters 2–41.

What does OBRA stand for?

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

What title is used for certified nursing assistants in most states?

CNA

What is the most appropriate way to address a patient or resident?

Use the person’s title and last name.

Closing privacy curtains during care maintains which patient right?

Right to privacy

The steady state of the human body is known as what?

Homeostasis

The heart is made of which type of tissue?

Tissues (cardiac muscle tissue)

Which nervous system controls the heartbeat?

Autonomic nervous system

How many chambers make up the heart?

Four chambers

The circulatory system is also known as what?

Cardiovascular system

What is the main cause of injuries in the older adult?

Falls

Which social change is associated with aging?

Retirement

Which skin change is associated with aging?

Dry, itchy, and fragile skin

Muscle atrophy in older adults is associated with which body system?

Musculoskeletal (musculo-skeletal) system

What problem does muscle atrophy cause in the older adult?

Loss of strength

Reduced blood flow to the brain may cause which symptom in older adults?

Dizziness

Dysphagia can lead to which complication?

Aspiration

Which statement describes social dining in a nursing center?

Residents sit at tables of 4–6, with meals served as in a restaurant.

What is the term for when symptoms increase in the evening hours in dementia?

Sundowning

A secured unit is appropriate for a person with AD when which condition is present?

Wandering is an issue or significant risk.

What is the most common method of educational programs within a facility?

In-service education

What does the term 'scope of practice' refer to?

Understanding what you can do and the legal limits of your role

What is the process of supplying cells with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide called?

Respiration

What is another term used to describe the digestive system?

Gastrointestinal system

What is the purpose of the bladder?

Storage of urine

Which term describes protection against disease?

Immunity

Which stage is defined as infancy?

Birth to 1 year (first year)

Which reflex is the Moro reflex?

Occurs when the infant is startled by a loud noise or sudden movement

During which developmental stage are children typically curious and exploring, often climbing?

Toddlerhood

When does a child begin to learn gender differences and right from wrong?

Toddlerhood

Which developmental stage is commonly associated with learning teamwork?

Preschool (early school age)

What is the best way to answer sex information with a pre-adolescent child?

Provide them with factual and complete information

Care of aging people is commonly referred to as which field?

Geriatrics (or geriatrics/gerontology in context)

Which of the following is a common cause of falls in nursing centers?

Falls

What is the most common method of in-service training in facilities?

In-service education (training)

How often should a bed be made in many facilities?

Daily

A bed ready for a new patient is described as which term?

Open

Where should clean linens never be placed?

On the floor

Which item is typically the last to be collected before making a bed?

Drawsheet

What is a common mouth problem associated with oxygen use?

Dry mouth

What is used to perform oral care on an unconscious person?

Sponge swabs

What is the safest approach to oral care for an unconscious person to prevent aspiration?

Protect the airway and minimize aspiration risk (avoid gagging).

How often is mouth care performed for an unconscious person?

Approximately every 2 hours

Which statement about dentures is true?

Dentures can easily break if dropped onto a hard surface.

What is the body's first line of defense?

Skin

Which care activity is routine care after breakfast?

AM care

What does diaphoresis mean?

Profuse sweating

With liquid bath oil, what safety consideration is important?

It can make the shower slippery.

A bariatric resident is at risk for what skin issue due to moisture in skin folds?

Skin breakdown due to moisture in folds

What bath involves washing the face, hands, underarms, and perineal area?

AM care (daily hygiene routine)

Which technique is used for female perineal care?

Back-to-front (front to back) — clean from front to back.

What is the last step in male perineal care?

Cleanse the scrotum (final step).

What grooming equipment is commonly shared among residents?

Razors

Excessive body hair is known as what?

Hirsutism

Which observation should be reported immediately during routine hair care?

Presence of lice/nits, or unusual bleeding

What should you report immediately when helping with shaving?

Bleeding

Which medication can interfere with using a blade razor safely?

Anticoagulants

What is a serious complication associated with foot infection?

Amputation

How long should feet be soaked during foot care?

5 to 10 minutes

Before cutting toenails, which history is important to know?

History of diabetes

Electric shavers should be used with which condition in mind?

Use in appropriate safety conditions (not detailed here)

Which skin condition is highly contagious and treated with special creams?

Scabies

Which position is used for examining the abdomen and chest in an exam prep?

Dorsal recumbent

Which equipment is used to measure apical pulse?

Stethoscope over the apex of the heart

Which site is used to measure an apical pulse in adults?

Over the heart (apical site)

In admissions, what emotion is commonly expressed by patients?

Anxiety

Which item should be placed on the over-bed table before admission?

Admission kit

What scale is most appropriate for weighing ambulatory patients?

Standing scale

What is the normal range for an adult pulse rate?

60 to 100 beats per minute

Where is an apical pulse best measured?

Over the apex of the heart (left mid‑clavicular line)

Which position is used to examine the vagina and cervix?

Lithotomy position

Which position is used for a rectal examination in older adults?

Side-lying (or left lateral)

What is the term for the procedure to collect specimens for lab testing?

Specimen collection procedures (as taught in CNA training)