Lecture 2 - Personal Health & Diseases

what is the term for conditions that are strongly influenced by daily habits and behaviors?

lifestyle-linked diseases

what are the core lifestyle drivers of disease?

poor nutrition, physical inactivity, stress, environmental factors

what is the term for chronically elevated blood pressure?

hypertension

what is the term for plaque buildup in arterial walls?

atherosclerosis

what is the term for the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries?

coronary artery disease

what is the term for sudden loss of heart function?

cardiac arrest

what is the term for blocked blood flow to the heart muscle?

heart attack

what is a heart attack also known as?

myocardial infarction

what are the major cardiovascular risk factors?

poor diet, inactivity, smoking, stress, diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol

how do lifestyle choices lead to heart disease?

increases blood pressure and plaque buildup..then CAD..then heart attack or cardiac arrest

what is the term for when the brain hits inside the skull causing bruising, tearing, or bleeding?

traumatic brain injury

what causes traumatic brain injury?

trauma from falls, accidents, sports

what is the term for loss of consciousness/paralysis from interrupted brain flow?

stroke

what causes stroke?

hypertension, smoking, inactivity, high-fat diet, diabetes

what is the term for chronic autoimmune destruction of myelin; progressive and irreversible?

multiple sclerosis

what cause multiple sclerosis?

autoimmune origin; exact cause unclear

how does vascular health relate to neurological disease?

poor vascular health increases stroke risk

what is the term for chronic airflow obstruction interfering with normal breathing?

COPD

what causes COPD?

smoking, asthma, TB, pollutants, textile dust, infections, allergies

what is the term for malignant tumors in trachea, bronchi, or alveoli?

lung cancer

what causes lung cancer?

87% smoking; also radon, asbestos, uranium

what is the term for acute inflammation of lower respiratory tract?

pneumonia

what causes pneumonia?

bacterial, viral, fungal, and chemical exposure; aspiration

what is the strongest shared risk factor for respiratory diseases?

smoking

what is the term for a cluster of conditions increasing risk for heart disease and diabetes?

metabolic syndrome

what is the term for impaired glucose metabolism?

type 2 diabetes

what is the term for thyroid enlargement from iodine deficiency or goitrogens?

simple goiter

what is the term for ovarian cysts with hormonal imbalance?

PCOS

what are the major endocrine disease risk factors?

poor diet, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, hormonal dysregulation, iodine deficiency

how are endocrine diseases linked to other conditions?

metabolic dysfunction

what is the term for a foodborne illness from contaminated beef, lettuce, spinach, unpasteurized milk/juice?

E.coli

how is E.coli transmitted?

ingesting contaminated food

what is the term for a highly infectious respiratory disease with paroxysmal cough and shrill inspiration?

pertussis

how is pertussis transmitted?

direct contact or respiratory secretions

what are the major drivers of emerging infectious diseases?

microorganim adaptation, human susceptibility, climate/ecosystem changes, demographics, land use, economic development, international travel, technology/industry

what is the term for excessive fear/worry linked to stress, poor sleep, and inactivity?

generalized anxiety disorder

what physiological changes occur in GAD?

increased SNS activation, HR, BP, RR; elevated cortisol; gut-brain dysregulation; muscle tension; immune//inflammatory changes

what is the term for persistent sadness, hopelssness, loss of interest; impaired functioning?

major depressive disorder

what physiological changes occur in MDD?

low serotonin/dopamine/norepinephrine, altered hippocampus/amygdala, slowed neural connectivity, low HRV, high cortisol, thyroid issues, inflammation, sleep disturbances

what lifestyle factors directly affect mental health physiology?

sleep, diet, stress, and physical activity