Kennedy's Alliance for Progress

0.0(0)
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/81

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

a flashcard set on JFK's foreign policy in Latin America (the Alliance for Progress)

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

82 Terms

1
New cards

20th January 1961

when did JFK become president?

2
New cards

17th-20th April 1961

when was the attempted invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs?

3
New cards

1961

in which year was the Alliance for Progress launched?

4
New cards

17th August 1961

when was the Charter of Punta del Este established?

5
New cards

16th-28th October 1962

when was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

6
New cards

22nd November 1963

when was JFK assassinated?

7
New cards

Alianza para el Progreso

what is the Spanish name for the Alliance for Progress?

8
New cards

10 years

for how many years was the Alliance for Progress meant to run?

9
New cards

13th March 1961

when did JFK announce the Alliance for Progress?

10
New cards

“homes, work and land, health and schools - techo, trabajo y tierra, salud y escuela”

what were the basic needs that JFK said that the Alliance for Progress would focus on?

11
New cards

200

in front of how many Latin American diplomats did JFK announce the Alliance for Progress

12
New cards

added an “appealing title”

what did Eisenhower and his supporters claim Kennedy had done with the Alliance for Progress?

13
New cards

Walt W Rostow

what is the name of the US political theorist and economist who popularised the notion of ‘nation-building’ as a method of preventing the spread of communism?

14
New cards

The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto

what was the name of Walt W Rostow’s book in which he underlines the importance of ‘nation-building’ to preventing the spread of communism?

15
New cards

1960

in which year was Walt W Rostow’s book The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto that explained how ‘nation-building’ could prevent the spread of communism published?

16
New cards

“modern societies must be built, and we are prepared to help build them”

what did Walt W Rostow claim in his book The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto?

17
New cards

the “most dangerous area in the world”

what did JFK call Latin America?

18
New cards

1957

when was Sputnik launched by the USSR?

19
New cards

“this is the moment to act: to have a hemispheric policy toward Latin America”

what did Argentinian economist Raul Prebisch say about the Alliance for Progress?

20
New cards

Romulo Betancourt

what was the name of the democratically-elected president of Venezuela at the time?

21
New cards

Arturo Frondizi

what was the name of the democratically-elected president of Argentina at the time?

22
New cards

August 1961

when was the Punta del Este Conference?

23
New cards

20

how many countries sent delegates to the Punta del Este Conference?

24
New cards

Uruguay

what country is Punta del Este in?

25
New cards

2.5

by what percentage did the Punta del Este Charter aim to increase per capita economic growth by?

26
New cards

1970

by which year did the Punta del Este Charter aim to have eliminated adult illiteracy?

27
New cards

$20 billion

how much money did the US promise to supply Latin America with under the Punta del Este Charter?

28
New cards

$1.7 billion

how much monetary aid was provided to Latin America from the US between 1945 and 1950?

29
New cards

the USA

from which country were the ‘Wise Men’ Committee originally all going to be from?

30
New cards

Argentinian President Arturo Frondizi

who demanded that the members of the ‘Wise Men’ Committee should be from a variety of countries so that they would be familiar with “the true needs of our countries”?

31
New cards

9

how many people were on the ‘Wise Men’ Committee once it was approved?

32
New cards

2nd March 1961

when did JFK announce the formation of the Peace Corps?

33
New cards

the Peace Corps Act

what was the name of the act enacted by the US Congress which formally established the Peace Corps?

34
New cards

to help people outside of the US understand American culture and vice versa

what was the aim of the Peace Corps?

35
New cards

$77 million

how much military aid did JFK give to Latin American countries a year?

36
New cards

Secretary of Defence Robert McNamara

who argued that US military aid and training in Latin America was necessary to allow for moderate leaders to rule in Latin America?

37
New cards

“economic and social development and the success of the Alliance for Progress”

what did the Secretary of Defence, Robert McNamara, say the internal stability caused by US military aid and training would allow for?

38
New cards

Dean Rusk

who was the Secretary of State under JFK?

39
New cards

Chester Bowles

who was the Undersecretary of State under JFK?

40
New cards

Undersecretary of State Chester Bowles

who wrote to JFK protesting about the funding and counter-insurgency programs in Latin America in September 1961?

41
New cards

“we are creating armed forces capable of seizing power'“

what did US Undersecretary of State Chester Bowles warn JFK of in his letter to him in September 1961?

42
New cards

to reduce US military expenditure in the region

by funding military activities, what pledge did JFK violate that he had made in his Alliance for Progress speech?

43
New cards

“the principal threat faced in Latin America is Communist subversion and indirect attack”

how does Stephen G Rabe say the JFK administration justified its actions?

44
New cards

“wars of national liberation”

what did Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev declare that the USSR would back in January 1961?

45
New cards

Victor Raul Haya de la Torre

against which democratically elected candidate was the Peruvian military coup in 1962?

46
New cards

$22.3 billion

how much total economic assistance did the US supply to Latin America up to 1968?

47
New cards

9 (including Mexico and Brazil)

how many countries reached the growth target of the Alliance for Progress?

48
New cards

1959

when was Romulo Betancourt elected in Venezuela?

49
New cards

Venezuela

which Latin American country was the first that JFK visited in December 1961?

50
New cards

1.5%

what was the overall growth rate for Latin America in the 1960s (the ‘decade of development’)?

51
New cards

25 million

how many people were unemployed in Latin America by the end of the 1960s?

52
New cards

“one sees that not that much money has been put into Latin America after all”

what did the US Ambassador to the Organisation of American States (OAS) William T Denzer say regarding the US funding in Latin America during the Alliance for Progress in March 1969?

53
New cards

$10

what was the US’ $20 billion of aid per person?

54
New cards

5

how many times more money left Brazil for the US (through earnings and dividends) than was invested?

55
New cards

3%

what was the population growth in Latin America in the 1960s?

56
New cards

15 million

how many peasant families were living in Latin America at the time?

57
New cards

1 million

how many of the peasant families in Latin America actually benefitted from land reforms?

58
New cards

“yankee imperialism”

what did Latin American nationalists dismiss the Alliance for Progress as?

59
New cards

“the Alliance for Progress went on to become on the greatest failures of the Kennedy administration”"

what do historians Peter Schwab and Jerome Lee Shneidman assert that the Alliance for Progress became?

60
New cards

“its vast and complex aims cannot be judged as failures as they were impossible to achieve in the short term”

why does historian Harvey S Perloff claim the Alliance for Progress cannot be considered a failure?

61
New cards

“between the overambitious idealism of its development goals and the pointless obsessiveness of its concern for security, the United States really undermines the Alliance before it could get started”

what do historians Jerome Levinson and Juan de Onis argue about the Alliance for Progress?

62
New cards

“the short-term security that anti-Communist elites could provide was purchased at the expense of long-term political and social democracy”

what does historian Stephen G Rabe claim that security in the region was purchased at the expense of?

63
New cards

“the Administration demonstrably bolstered regimes and groups that were undemocratic, conservative, and frequently repressive”

who does historian Stephen G Rabe claim JFK’s administration bolstered?

64
New cards

“Cuba’s Abraham Lincoln”

what did Vice President Nixon praise Cuban autocrat Batista as?

65
New cards

5-10% of Latin Americans owned 70-80% of the land

what percentage of Latin American populations owned what percentage of Latin American land?

66
New cards

Argentina, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Peru

which countries did JFK’s administration temporarily break off relations with due to them being dictatorships?

67
New cards

a “noble failure”

what did historian Joseph Tulchin claim the Alliance for Progress was at best?

68
New cards

“reality did not match the rhetoric”

what did Theodore Sorenson claim the problem with the Alliance for Progress was?

69
New cards

“a notable policy failure of the 1960s, superseded only by the U.S. debacle in Vietnam”

what did historian Stephen Rabe conclude that the Alliance for Progress represented?

70
New cards

the “apogee of military power in Latin America”

what does historian Michael Gambone refer to the 1960s as?

71
New cards

south american liberator Simon Bolivar

whose tomb did JFK visit in Caracas?

72
New cards

Techo Housing Project

what was the name of the project that JFK opened in Colombia which was funded by the Alliance for Progress?

73
New cards

Carlos Lleras Camargo

what was the name of the President of Colombia

74
New cards

Ciudad Kennedy

what was the Techo Housing Project renamed after JFK’s assassination?

75
New cards

1 million

how many people now live in the Techo Housing Project / Ciudad Kennedy in Colombia?

76
New cards

San Carlos Palace

what is the name of the palace where JFK made his speech whilst in Colombia? (hint: Simon Bolivar had lived there as President of the newly independent nation of Gran Colombia)

77
New cards

June 1962

when did JFK visit Mexico City?

78
New cards

Adolfo Lopez Mateos

who was the President of Mexico in 1962?

79
New cards

March 1963

when did JFK travel to Costa Rica?

80
New cards

Teatro Nacional in San Jose

where did JFK address Latin American presidents when in Costa Rica?

81
New cards

El Bosque Housing Project

what is the name of the housing project in Costa Rica built with help from the alliance?

82
New cards

21st November 1963

when did JFK speak about the alliance to LULAC (League of United Latin American Citizens)