Chem Bonds ch 9

chemical bonding allows atoms to ____________

lower their energy level

ionic bonding occurs between

metals and nonmetals

covalent bonding occurs between

two nonmental

Coulomb’s Law

describes the strength of the electrostatic force between two charged objects. like forces repel, opposite forces attract.

bond order

number of shared electron pairs

bond energy

the energy absorbed when atoms are separated or released when bonds form

ionic bonds have ______ melting/boiling ponts

high

covalent bonds have _____ melting/boiling points

low

electronegativity

the ability of a bonded atom to attract shared electrons which generate opposite partial charges at the ends of the bonds

electronegativity _________ across a period, and ____________ down a group

increases, decreases

bond forming reaction

exothermic/releases energy

bond breaking reaction

endothermic/energy absorbing

lattice energy

the energy needed to completely separate one mole of an ionic compound into gaseous ions or the energy released when gaseous ions form a solid

as bond length increases

bond energy decreases

covalent character

determined by the difference in electronegativities of the atoms in a molecule