USSR: Education and young people

all soviet leaders agreed that education was f__________ l______ and therfeore an e_______ part of the new society

fundamentally liberating

essential

there were d_________ about how education was supposed to l________ the people.

there were different c________ on what edu h___ been and what it s____ be

disagreemnets

liberate

conceptions

had been and should be

what did lenin believe about why education was important?

was essential for building socialism

literacy=key

industrialisation required an educated workforce who could understand the complex processes of industry

edu served the long-term goals of the rev as it layed the foundations for socialism

who was Lunacharsky and what did he believe about edu?

the People’s Commissar of Enlightenment

believed the primary goal of edu= to allow individ students to flourish

believed edu should liberate the student>serve the goals of the rev

what was education traditionally associated with in russia?

privilege and status and the elite classes

what % of the population could read and write in 1914

32%

who was edu policy initially directed by?

lunacharsky and lenin’s wife

what were the features of the education decree in october 1918? (what was and wasnt allowed and what was setv up and what edu did it aim to provide)

• established ‘unified labour schools’ to provide free polytechnic edu to all aged 8-17

• banned religious instrcution in schools

• abolished corporal punihsment and homework and exams

• ended gender segregation in schools

• promised free breakfast and medical examinations for all school kids

• edu=compulsory

• allowed church buildings to be converted to schools

what was secondary schooling like?

designed to be vocational

created ‘factory schools’ where young people spent 4 hours a day in facs learning skills and 4 hours a day being taught in school

was lunacharsky’s vision fulfilled?

no

during civ war=insufficient resources

free compulspry edu to the age of 16= not acheived in sov union until 1950s

schools couldnt provide free meals or medical examinations

teachers still used trad methods

IN REALITY VS IN THEORY

What was polytechnic edu?

a general edu that taughht many technical skills instead of forcing students to specialise

could enter which ever brand of ind they chose

what was the affect on the NEP on edu?

edu provision declined in its first years as £ problems= cuts in investment

in 1921 the gov:

• forced some schools to close to save money

• introduced fees to pay for primary and secondary edu for all except the poorest

imapct→ in the first 18 months of the NEP the no.children in edu halved as did the no.schools