Sociology CLEP- Perspectives and Theories

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Social Functionalism

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Sociology

28 Terms

1

Social Functionalism

Social structure as a whole.
Actions serve a functional purpose

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2

Conflict Theory

Differences in power result in social institutions or social stratification

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3

Symbolic Interactionism

Society is based on symbols.
Constantly in a state of change

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4

Ethnocentrism

Judge others by the standards of your own culture

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5

Sociological Imagination

Insight that is given by understanding interactions in sociology

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6

Interpretive Sociology

a.k.a verstehen
Study of how people associate meanings to their interactions and communication with other people.
Ex) A wave can mean different things in different cultures

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7

Versetehen

Placing yourself in someone else's shoes
- MAX WEBER

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8

Gemeinschaft

Close group of people with similar morals or goals and willing to sacrifice for sake of the group

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9

Gesselschaft

Indiv. places themselves first

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10

Egalitarian

Equal opportunities and rights

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11

Actions vs Agency

The 2 primary influcencers of human behavior
Actions - act independently
Agency - Social and environmental structure limiting a persons actions

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12

Social Theories

Viewpoints or perspectives that sociologists use to analyze interactions

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13

Positivism

AUGUSTE COMTE
- Indiv. rights are more important that the rule of any one person
- Free will

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14

Interactionism

GEORGE MEAD
- Human interaction produces meaning

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15

Conflict Theory View on Stratification

People who have power will exploit others, causing social classes

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16

Functionalism Conformity

Cooperation is necessary
- Accept social roles

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17

False Consciousness

Base Material and institutional processes in capitalist societies are misleading to the working class

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18

Voluntary Association

Indivs. volunteer to accomplish a purpose

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19

Folkways

Customs and norms regarding proper social behavior

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20

Linguistic Relativity

Viewpoints differ alongside language

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21

Social institution

Structure or mechanism that governs the behavior of a group of individuals

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22

Mass media

Requires an audience

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23

Conformity

Acceptance of decisions of your peers, despite possible negative influences
Stanley Milgram - Going along with your peers is this

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24

Milgram Experiments

Patients continued to falsely shock another participant in the study whenever a wrong answer was given

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25

Disengagement Theory

ELAINE CUMMING AND WARREN HENRY
- How individuals leave society

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26

Gender

How a person or culture defines you

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27

Law of Effect

Causal relationships between actions and positive and negative effects
EDWARD THORNDIKE
Connectionism - mental or behavioral phenomena is the emergent process of interconnected networks of simple units

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28

General ‘Others’

General expectations of people with a society

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