APES Unit 5 EXAM

Compared with people in developing countries, people in industrialized countries are more likely to eat

beef

Which of the following is most likely to occur in a forested region that has been recently clear-cut?

The concentration of nitrates in streams running through the region will increase.

Which of the following best describes the action of an endocrine disruptor?

An endocrine disruptor blocks the receptor protein binding site of a hormone so that the cell cannot receive a signal.

Overgrazing of public land by privately owned livestock is an example of the

tragedy of the commons

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following processes.

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(A) Photosynthesis

(B) Eutrophication

(C) Denitrification

(D) Decomposition

(E) Transpiration

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The rapid rate of this process in tropical forests results in low-nutrient soils

Decomposition

Which of the following methods of agricultural irrigation results in the loss of the *least* amount of water by evaporation?

Drip irrigation

All of the following are considered toxic metal pollutants EXCEPT

potassium

Which of the following best illustrates point-source pollution?

Smokestack emissions from a large smelting company

An integrated pest-management approach to pest control emphasizes which of the following?

Reduction of crop damage to an economically tolerable level

A sustainable society would emphasize

using energy efficiently and reusing and recycling matter

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of the tragedy of the commons?

Depletion of an aquifer by regional farmers

The land on a 100-acre farm is equally suited for grazing cattle and growing corn. Of the following ways of distributing land use, which would produce the greatest number of calories of human consumption?

Acres for __Grazing Cattle. 0__

Acres for __Growing Corn__ 100

In 2007 in the United States there were approximately 480 cars for every 1,000 people. The total number of cars in the United States in 2007 was closest to

150,000,000

The water-holding capacity of soil is LEAST likely to be affected by the addition of which of the following?

Pesticide

When a rain forest is slashed and burned, the local concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases. This is primarily due to

oxidation of carbon compounds

Of the following, which has the greatest permeability?

Sand

The combustion of one gallon of automobile fuel produces about 5 pounds of carbon (in CO2). Two autos are making a trip of 600 miles. The first auto gets 20 miles per gallon, and the second gets 30 miles per gallon. Approximately how much *less* carbon (in CO2) will be produced by the second auto on this trip?

50 lbs

Which of the following is likely to *minimize* soil erosion?

No-till agriculture

The amount of sediment deposited at the mouth of a river system is likely to be increased by the presence upstream of which of the following?


1. Artificial levees and embankments
2. Dams
3. Extensive natural wetlands

I only

Which of the following is a common characteristic of lakes undergoing cultural eutrophication?

Increased levels of plant nutrients

Which of the following is most likely to result from destruction of wetlands surrounding a river?

An increased frequency of flooding of the river valley

Of the following, which is the best example of a point source of water pollution?

Factory effluent

Sustainable use of forests in the United States would likely be encouraged by

cutting small groups of medium- and large- sized trees in uneven-aged forests

Which of the following procedures would be best for remediating the effects of soil salinization?

Addition of large amounts of water to leach out salts

The major cause for the decline in the worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is

overfishing

Directions: Select the choice that best fits each statement. The following question(s) refer to the following countries.

(A) Australia

(B) Brazil

(C) Chile

(D) Russia

(E) United States of America

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Country with the greatest percentage of land area affected by desertification

Australia

Alligators in a Florida lake polluted by high levels of dioxins (chlorinated hydrocarbons) had low testosterone levels and failed to reproduce. Scientists came to the conclusion that the dioxins were acting as which of the following?

Endocrine disruptors

Which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded?

Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested.

If wastewater treatment plant effluent that contains nitrates and phosphates is allowed to flow into a body of water, which of the following may result?

Eutrophication

A state highway was constructed over wetlands. The state obtained a permit to fill the existing wetlands in accordance with the provisions of the Clean Water Act in 1972, and agreed to create another wetland. This trade-off approach to addressing an environmental issue is known as

mitigation

An insect population in an agricultural field is affected by monthly applications of a pesticide, as shown in the graph above. A likely cause of the overall increase in the insect population over time is

the survival of increasing numbers of resistant insects

At the current rate of growth, Earth's human population will double in about 50 years. Which of the following is the LEAST viable strategy for ensuring adequate nutrition for a population of this size?

Doubling the area of arable land on a global basis

When a rain forest is slashed and burned, the local concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases. This is primarily due to

oxidation of carbon compounds

Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with the genetic modification of crops?

Genetically modifications can decrease the genetic diversity of crop species.

Which of the following is most likely to increase both the nutrient levels and the bacterial content of lake water?

Runoff from a nearby hog farm

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas that is produced by domestic livestock?

CH4

Which of the following describes a fundamental characteristic of the green revolution in food resources?

The development of new strains of crops with higher yields

Overgrazing of grasslands can lead to reduced range quality. Two of the major effects of overgrazing are

erosion and desertification

The presence of fecal coliform bacteria in a sample of river water suggests which of the following?

The water is contaminated with animal waste.

Factors contributing to the rise in world hunger include all of the following EXCEPT

increasing consumption of vegetable protein in place of meat protein

Reasons that human populations historically have settled in floodplains include which of the following?


1. The soil in floodplains is usually fertile.
2. The terrain in floodplains tend to be flat.
3. Floodplains are close to rivers for transportation.

I, II & III

Which of the following statements about genetic diversity is true?

Genetic resistance to pests and diseases can be increased by crossing a crop plant with ancestral varieties.

The presence of high levels of fecal coliform bacteria in a water source indicates that the water

has been contaminated by untreated human or animal waste

The major cause for the decline in the worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is

overfishing