Data Representation and Number Systems

A set of flashcards designed to help review key concepts related to data representation, number systems, and compression techniques.

What base number system is primarily used by computers?

Base 2/Binary

Why is binary used in computers?

Because computers use transistors that have two states, off and on, represented by binary 0s and 1s.

What is the hexadecimal system based on?

The number 16.

What characters represent values 10 to 15 in hexadecimal?

The letters A to F.

How is hexadecimal 13E7 converted to denary?

(116^3) + (316^2) + (1416^1) + (716^0) = 5095.

What is one use of the hexadecimal system?

It is used for HTML colour codes.

What does a logical shift to the left in binary represent?

Multiplying by two.

What is a two's complement used for?

To represent signed integers.

How do you convert -79 into an 8-bit binary using two's complement?

By expressing -79 as binary where the leftmost bit indicates negativity.

What is ASCII?

A 7-bit character set that includes 128 characters.

What is the formula to calculate the size of a sound file?

Number of samples per second x Number of bits per sample x Length of sample in seconds.

What are bitmap images constructed from?

Colored squares called pixels.

What does color depth refer to?

The number of bits required for each pixel.

What is the maximum number of different colors visible to the human eye according to a 24-bit color?

Over 16 million colors.

What are Kibi, Mebi, Gibi, and Tebi?

They are powers of 2.

What is a characteristic of lossy compression?

Some data is lost and cannot be recovered.

What is a characteristic of lossless compression?

No data is lost, just encoded differently.

What algorithm can be used for audio files in lossy compression?

MP3.

What can be discarded in image files during compression without causing noticeable deterioration?

Differences in shades of color or brightness.