Antibodies

Antibodies:

made of complex protein: ...

complementary to specific ...

.... .... bind ... chains to ... chains

immunoglobin, antigen, disulphide bridges, light, heavy

Light chains have .. immunoglobin domains

Heavy chains have .. immunoglobin domains

2, 4

Variable region: has specific shape to bind to a complementary ...

antigen

Constant region: the same for all antibodies - helps them bind to multiple types of ...

phagocytes

Hinge region allows...

flexibility

Opsonins (non specific): bind to ... - easier for phagocytes to recognize + ...

antigen, bind

Opsonins (specific): bind to antigen which ... the pathogen- can't bind to ... cells + allows ... cells to attach

(opsonins act as a ...)

immobilises, somatic, immune, neutraliser

Opsonins are non-specific as they can attach to many different types of ...

pathogen

Agglutinins: antibodies that bind .. pathogens at the same time - ... them together so it's easier for ... cells to attack - prevents pathogens from doing...

2, clumping, immune

Anti-toxins: antibodies that ... + bind to ... released by pathogens, preventing pathogen from doing ...

neutralise, toxins, damage

In secondary immune response: production of .. is much faster as the B + T ... cells recognize the ... + stimulate an efficient ... ...

antibodies, memory, antigen, immune response