Great Depression & WW2 Notes

When did the stock market crash?

Oct. 28, 1929

What was the day the stock market crashed called?

Black Tuesday

What were the 3 causes of the Great Depression?

1. Overproduction

2. Bank failures

3. Domino effect

How many banks closed from 1929-1932?

5,000

What were the 3 effects of the depression?

1. Depression became worldwide

2. Joblessness

3. Families suffered

What was the number of jobless people after the depression?

Number rose from 4 million to 13 million

What were the programs Hoover created?

Public Works Program & Reconstruction Finance Corporation

What did the Public Works Program do?

Government hired people to do work like build schools, dams, highways, courthouses, etc.

What did the Reconstruction Finance Corporation do?

Government loaned money to railroads, banks, and insurance companies to keep them afloat

Who won the election of 1932?

Democrat FDR

What state did FDR formerly govern?

New York

What was the group FDR organized and what did it do?

“The Brain Trust”: group of intellectuals, bankers, economists, businessmen and professors to suggest ideas to get out of depression

What holiday did FDR declare?

Bank holiday which closed all banks in the nation

What act allowed the government to decide which banks could reopen?

Emergency Banking Relief Act

how did FDR communicate to the nation?

Radio

What was FDR’s 1st 100 days plan?

The new deal; started recovery for nation

What were the three R’s of the New Deal?

• Relief for the unemployed

• Recovery -get people back in their feet

• Reform- prevent another depression

What did the Civilian Conservation Corp do?

Provided jobs to men 18-35 and helped conserve national resources. Paid $30 a month, $25 sent home to family, to plant trees, build bridges, flood control, and parks

What did the Federal Emergency Relief Agency do?

Gave money to state and local agencies who would decide how to spend the money

What did the Works Progress Administration do?

Employed people to build hospitals, schools, parks, playgrounds, and airports

What did the Tennessee Valley Authority do?

Remade the Tennessee river valley by setting up dams and electricity alongside it

What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act do?

Paid farmers not to grow certain crops

What did the Rural Electrification Administration do?

Loaned money to extend electrical lines to rural areas

What did the National industrial recovery act do?

Set up rules for production, wages, prices, and working conditions

What did the Public Works Administration do?

Built 34,000 projects like dams, airports, and schools. Gave AL cap emmons auditorium and fairgrounds grandstand

What did the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation do?

Insured savings accounts up to $100,000

What was the main problem with the New Deal?

Supreme Court struck down many reforms as unconstitutional

What did FDr propose regarding the Supreme Court?

Court packing: increase size from 9 to 15

What did the Wagner act do?

Protected workers from unfair management practices like being fired for joining a union

What is collective bargaining?

Union representing group of workers negotiated with management for a contract

What did the Social Security Act of 1935 do?

Pensions for the elderly

What states did the Dust Bowl hit?

Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas

When did the depression end?

When US enters ww2: dec 7 1941 after Pearl Harbor attack

where did Japan invade?

Mineral rich Manchuria in China

When did Hitler take office?

March 5,1933

Who was the leader of fascist Italy?

Mussolini

Who did Mussolini blame italys problems on?

Communists

Who did Hilter blame Germany’s problems on?

Jews

When did Italy invade Ethiopia?

1935

When did Japan invade thee rest of China?

1937

When did Hitler take over Austria?

1938

When did the Spanish Civil War occur and how took over Spain because of it?

1936- Francisco Franco with help of Hilter and Mussolini

when did Germany take over Sudetenland?

1938

When did Britain and France pledged they would delcare war on Germany if it invaded Poland?

1939

What was the nonaggression pact of aug. 1939 signed between?

USSR and Germany

When did germany invade Poland?

Sept 1 1939

What was Blitzkrieg?

Bomb everything then bring in troops to finish off the rest

Where were British and French troops nearly destroyed at on may 1940?

Battle of dunkirk

How many troop evacuated dunkirk?

600 private boats evacuated 300,000 troops in 9 days

What was US policy before it joined the war?

Sept 1940 - started peacetime draft

Lend-leases good to Britain which would promise to replace after war

What was the Battle of Britain?

Where Britain was bombed day and night by Germany

When did Germany break the USSR nonaggression pact?

June 1941

Who was the military leader of Japan

Tojo

How many people were killed at Pearl Harbor?

2,403, 8 battleships sunk, and 188 planes destroyed

When did the US enter the war?

Dec. 8, 1941

How many soldiers did the US start out with and how many did it have at the end of the war?

1.5 million; 15 million

Who were exempt from the draft?

Disabled, people with skills designated essential to the war effort, farmers

How much did ww2 cost each month at the beginning and how much did it cost at the end of the war?

2 billion per month; 15 billion per month

What was the total cost of ww2?

300 billion

What was the national debt after ww2?

247 billion

What did the Office of Price Administration do?

Controlled consumer prices so that a combination of high prices and scarce goods did not lead to inflation

What did the National War Labor Board do?

Mediated industrial disputes so production wasn’t interrupted and wage increases were kept within government set limits of 15% over pre war levels

What did the Office of War mobilization Do?

Oversaw all aspects of the mobilized economy

How many government employees were there in 1945?

3.3 million

What were some changes to the labor force?

• significant shift in the population to the west coast

• Many black people found well paying jobs

• Women entered the workforce

Who was in charge of the pacific front troops?

Douglas MacArthur

What was the Bataan Death March?

10,000 US soldiers forced to walk to POW camps. 1,000 died along the way and 5,000 died in the camps

What was the first naval battler where ships came close enough to see each other and halted Japanese advances?

Battle of Coral Sea

When was the Battle of midway?

June 3 and june 6, 1942

What battle led to the US controlling the Pacific?

Battle of Midway

What was the executive order that put Japanese-Americans in internment camps?

Order 9066

How many tons of bombs were dropped on German cities?

2.7 million tons

Who led German forces in North Africa?

Erwin Rommel- The Desert Fox

What was a major battle in North Africa?

Battle of El Alamien

Where did USSR defeat Germans?

Battle of Stalingrad

What was the USSR’s battle policy?

Scorched earth- burning everything in sight to not allow enemy to live off the land

How many German did the USSR capture?

250,000

Who was the leader of Us forces in Europe?

Dwight D Eisenhower

What was the largest amphibious invasion in history?

D-Day; storming Normandy beach on June 6, 1944

How many men marches across France and into Paris on aug 25, 1944?

1 million

By what month were allies in Germany?

September 1944

What bombs were Germans using to bomb Britain after d-day?

V2 rockets; 8,000 died

what was the Germans last push to push back allied forces, where they lost and signaled end of axis power?

Battle of the Bulge

How does hitler die?

Suicide in a bunker

Who met at the Yalta conference and what was it for?

• FDR, Churchill, Stalin

• Feb 1945

• Decided what to do with Europe after war

That were the three main parts of American strategy against Japan?

1. Supplies flown into China from India to keep China out of war

2. Drive Japan out of Solomon Islands

3. Strike Central Pacific

What was the policy the US used against Japan?

Island hopping

How long did it take for the Us to win at Guadalcanal?

6 months

How many Japanese solider died and surrendered at the Battle of Okinawa?

100,000 died; 8,000 surrendered

How many Americans were expected to die if the US directly invaded Japan?

1 million

When did FDR die?

April 12, 1945

Who was the president after FdR?

Harry truman

What was the atomic bomb project called?

Manhattan project

How much did the Manhattan project cost?

2 billion

Where was the manhattan project located?

• Long Island

• University of Chicago

• Los alamos NM

Who was in charge of creating an atom bomb?

J Robert Oppenheimer

Who was put in charge of the atom bomb in the military?

Leslie Groves

When and where was the Trinity Test (1st detonation of atom bomb)?

July 16, 1945 at Los Alamos

How was the Trinity test explained?

An ammunition depot that exploded

What was the cable to Truman that confirmed atomic blast?

“The baby is born”