Mendelian Inheritance

These flashcards cover key concepts of Mendelian inheritance, including Mendel's experiments, laws, and genetic terminology.

Who is considered the father of genetics?

Gregor Mendel

What type of plants did Mendel use for his experiments?

Garden Peas (Pisum sativum)

What was the ratio of purple to white flowers in Mendel's F2 generation?

3:1

What term did Mendel use to describe the hidden factor in the F1 generation?

Dominant Trait

What happens to recessive traits in the F2 generation?

They reappear.

What does Mendel's Law of Segregation state?

Two copies of a gene segregate from each other during the transmission from parent to offspring.

What is the physical location of a gene on a chromosome called?

Locus

Define genotype.

The genetic composition of an individual.

Define phenotype.

Physical or behavioral characteristics resulting from gene expression.

What is a testcross?

Breeding the dominant individual with a recessive homozygote.

What does Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment state?

Alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation.

What is a dihybrid cross?

A genetic cross that follows two characters.

How does one determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype?

Use a testcross.

What is pleiotropy?

One gene can have multiple phenotypic effects.

What is epistasis?

A gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus.

What are multiple alleles?

Three or more variants of a gene in a population.

What are codominance and incomplete dominance?

Codominance: both alleles expressed equally; Incomplete dominance: F1 hybrids show intermediate phenotype.