Eng lang3/4

Standard English

The variety which has rule which must be followed. It is used in education, government, law and the media and it is codified in dictionaries, textbooks and style guides. It is considered 'correct' and is the variety associated with prestige and power.

Non-standard English

The variety that does not conform to the rules of standard English and is often considered 'wrong'. It is a variety used by any subgroup of the Standard and contains grammatical forms and lexical choices not found in Standard English.

Register

The level of formality or informality of the text. Register is measured on a continuum of formality.

6 factors of communication

Addresser, addressee, context, contact, common code and message.

Addresser

The person who delivers the message to the audience.

Addressee

The person which receives the message, must be atleast one person.

Context

The setting or the reason for the message communicated

Contact

The relational channel and connection between the addresser and addressee. This connection keeps the lines of communication open.

Common code

The rules that combine to form the message and correspond to the type of language used.

Message

What is sent by the addresser and corresponds to an experience, idea, explanation, and so on.

6 functions of language

Referential, conative, phatic, emotive, poetic, metalingual.

Referential

Sharing information with an audience, the language you use to convey information. E.g. sales are up 3% this quarter.

Conative

Function which focuses on the receiver of the message and is concerned with influencing the behaviour of the addressee and is concerned with persuasion. It is meant to get the attention or a reaction from the reader. E.g. can you show her the classroom?

Phatic

Used to establish a social connection; stop or start a conversion or to check the connection, 'small talk'. E.g. hey, how are you?

Emotive

Also called expressive. Helps us, interpret, emotions, feelings, desires and mood of the subject. Gives information about the reader's tone. Can be in the form of interjection or emphatic prolongation of vowels. E.g. Oh! It was biiiiiiiig!

Poetic

Focus on the message and the way it is communicated. Embellished with rhetorical features of speech or 'flowery' language. Focus on the beauty of the language itself. Can be found in quotations and colloquial sayings. E.g. is is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.

Metalingual

'Meta" defined as self-awareness. Refers to talking about the language itself. E.g. I couldn't help but feel a touch of Schadenfreude (a sense of pleasure or joy from the failure of others) when the other team lost by 50 points.