RES 2- Lesson 4 and 5

Research Methodology

Research Methodology

This chapter presents the method of research used

Survey/Descriptive

this is a type of research method wherein descriptive research is a type of research that describes a population, situation, or phenomenon that is being studied.

Correlational/Causal Comparative

this is a type of research method type of non-experimental research in which the researcher measures two variables and assesses the statistical relationship

correlational

As the term (______) implies, this method of research looks for relationships or links that may exist between and among variables used in your study.

Experimental/Historical

type of research method that study a study that strictly adheres to a scientific research design. It includes a hypothesis, a variable that can be manipulated by the researcher, and variables that can be measured, calculated and compared.

experiment

it requires the researcher to do an_____ to know if the changes in X causes change in Y.

Research Locale

presents the place where the study is conducted and the reasons behind the choice of the place must be discussed.

geographical maps and tables of addresses

your research local should include ________ of the locale, and/or _________ just like the example shown below.

Respondents of the Study

This subsection of Chapter III profiles the respondents of the study as THE POPULATION and not as the sample (because sample is discussed in sampling technique).

WHY

Researchers should explain _______ the target respondents were chosen for the study.

respondents

The ______ are those whom the data/information are to be collected or gathered.

the population

first thing you should include in the respondents of the study

sample or who are the respondents

second thing you should include in the respondents of the study

why did you choose the respondents

third thing you should include in the respondents of the study

Try-out

for reliability testing

Target

the population

Actual

sample size

Sampling Technique (Population)

is any group of individuals that have one or more characteristics in common that interest the researcher. Choose your respondents base on what your study needs.

Sampling Technique (Sample)

small proportion of population selected for observation and analysis.

Sampling Technique (Sample)

are chosen in a systematical random way so that chance or the operation of probability can be utilized.

Efficiency

instead of having a huge number of respondents, you may arrive to a smaller one.

Economy

it will lessen your expenses.

Practicality

it will give you ease because you will gather less data and information.

Accuracy

same level of accuracy even though you will have a smaller number of respondents.

Timeliness

suitable to all kinds of respondents and/or studies.

Probability

is any method of sampling that utilizes some form of random selection.

Random

means it is made, done, happening, or chosen without method or conscious decision.

Samples

are chosen in such a way that each member of the population has a known, though not necessarily equal, chance of being included in the______

Simple Random

lottery or number method

Ssytematic

use system or set a certain criteria

Systematic

assign numbers to the sampling

Stratified

is a method of sampling that involves the division of a population into smaller sub-groups known as strata.

strata

Stratified is a method of sampling that involves the

division of a population into smaller sub-groups known as _____.

Stratification

the strata are formed based on members' shared attributes or characteristics such as income or educational attainment.

Multi Stage

two or more sampling techniques

Cluster/Area

by using _____ sampling, the researcher can club the universities from each city into one cluster.

Non-probability

is a method in which each member of the population does not have a known chance of being in the sample.

personal judegement

plays important role in the selection.

Convenience

non-probability sampling technique where subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher.

Quota

minimum, already reached enough.

Purposive

non-probability sample that is selected based on characteristics of a population and the objective of the study.

convenience sampling

Purposive sampling is different from_______ and is also known as judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling.

Snowball

ex convict

Data Gathering Procedure

This section of the study indicates briefly how the investigation was conducted by the researchers.

Data Gathering Procedure

This section is also called Procedure of Investigation or Research Procedure.

Data Gathering Procedure

starts with the instrument used to gather data.

Construction of the Instrument

If a previous instrument was used totally, the researcher shows proof in the appendix that the author of the instrument indeed gave the researcher permission to use the instrument.

Validation of the Instrument

If the instrument was researcher-made, then this part tells how the instrument was validated; By whom and what other changes were done to arrive at the final instrument.

Administration of the Instrument

The researcher shares all that was done in gathering data. It may start with asking permission from the different offices, the coordination done to facilitate data gathering, and other activities up to the retrieval of the instrument.

Statistical Treatment on Data

This part tells of all the statistical treatment applied on the different data gathered.

descriptive title

characteritics of a good questionnaire should have a ______ for the questionnaire

objectives

It is designed to achieve ______. Statements should be written to answer the research questions.

Directions

characteristics of a good questionnaire should have a clear ______

easy tabulation

characteristics of a good questionnaire should designed for

double negatives

characteristics of a good questionnaire should avoid

double barreled statements

characteristics of a good questionnaire should avoid the

phrases questions well

characteristics of a good questionnaire should______ for all the respondents