Elizabeth I

Who was Elizabeth I?,Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn,ruled 1558–1603,last Tudor monarch

When did Elizabeth I become queen?,17 November 1558

When was Elizabeth I crowned?,January 1559

What religion was Elizabeth raised as?,Protestant

What problems did Elizabeth face in 1558?,Religious division,threats to legitimacy,foreign threats,financial issues

What was Elizabeth’s main aim?,Stability and security of England

What was the Religious Settlement?,Set of laws establishing Church of England

When was the Religious Settlement?,1559

What was the Act of Supremacy?,Made Elizabeth Supreme Governor of the Church

What was the Act of Uniformity?,Set rules for church services and attendance

What was the Church of England like under Elizabeth?,Moderately Protestant with some Catholic features

What were recusants?,People who refused to attend Church of England services

What were Puritans?,Protestants who wanted further reform

What was the Thirty-Nine Articles?,Defined Protestant beliefs

What was the main Catholic threat to Elizabeth?,Mary Queen of Scots

Who was Mary Queen of Scots?,Catholic cousin of Elizabeth with claim to English throne

When did Mary arrive in England?,1568

Why did Mary come to England?,Forced to abdicate in Scotland

Why was Mary a threat?,Focus for Catholic plots

What was the Northern Rebellion?,Catholic uprising in the north

Who led it?,Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland

What was its aim?,Replace Elizabeth with Mary

What was the outcome?,Rebellion failed,leaders executed

What was the Ridolfi Plot?,Plan to assassinate Elizabeth and replace her with Mary

Who was involved?,Duke of Norfolk and Spanish support

What was the outcome?,Plot discovered,Norfolk executed

What was the Throckmorton Plot?,Catholic plot involving Spain and France

What was the aim?,Overthrow Elizabeth

What was the outcome?,Plot failed,Throckmorton executed

What was the Babington Plot?,Plan to assassinate Elizabeth

What made it important?,Mary was directly linked

What happened as a result?,Mary was executed

When was Mary Queen of Scots executed?,1587

Why did Elizabeth execute Mary?,She was a constant threat and linked to plots

What laws were introduced against Catholics?,Recusancy fines and anti-Catholic laws

When were harsher laws introduced?,1580s

What was Elizabeth’s approach to marriage?,Remain unmarried to maintain power

Why was Elizabeth called the Virgin Queen?,She never married

What was Elizabeth’s government based on?,Privy Council and Parliament

What was the role of the Privy Council?,Advise Elizabeth and run government

What was Parliament’s role?,Approve laws and taxes

Who were key advisors to Elizabeth?,William Cecil and Francis Walsingham

What was Walsingham known for?,Running spy network

What was Elizabeth’s foreign policy aim?,Avoid war but defend England

What caused tension with Spain?,Religion,trade rivalry,English support for Dutch rebels

Who was the Spanish king?,Philip II of Spain

What was the Spanish Armada?,Spanish fleet sent to invade England

Why was the Armada sent?,Overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism

What was the outcome?,English victory

Why did England win?,Weather,naval tactics,Spanish weaknesses

What impact did the Armada have?,Boosted Elizabeth’s reputation and national pride

What was the war with Spain?,Long conflict after 1588

What was happening in the Netherlands?,Protestant rebellion against Spanish rule

Why did Elizabeth support the Dutch?,To weaken Spain

What was exploration?,Overseas voyages for trade and discovery

Who were key explorers?,Francis Drake and Walter Raleigh

What did Francis Drake do?,Circumnavigated the globe and attacked Spanish ships

What colony did Raleigh attempt?,Roanoke

What was privateering?,Legal piracy against Spanish ships

Why did Elizabeth support privateering?,Weaken Spain and gain wealth

What economic problems did Elizabeth face?,Inflation,poverty

What caused poverty?,Population growth and enclosure

What were the Poor Laws?,Laws to help the poor

When were they introduced?,1590s

What was the Poor Law?,System to support deserving poor

What were vagabonds?,Homeless people without work

What was society like in Elizabethan England?,Hierarchical with strict social classes

When did Elizabeth I die?,24 March 1603

Who succeeded Elizabeth I?,James I

Why is Elizabeth I important in AQA history?,Religious settlement,defeated Spanish Armada,handled threats,maintained stability