Hildebrant, Human Geography for the AP® Course 1e - Module 38

capital expenditures

Assets that cost money, such as land, machinery, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, seeds, and livestock feed

bid-rent theory

Explains how the demand for and price of land decrease as its distance from the central business district increases

central business district (CBD)

A dense cluster of offices and shops located at a city's most accessible point, usually its center

large-scale commercial operation

A large-scale farm oriented exclusively toward the production of agricultural commodities for sale in the market

monocropping (monoculture)

The cultivation of a single commercial crop on extensive tracts of land

agricultural cooperative

An organization where farmers pool their resources in certain areas of activity such as services or production; services or production resources are provided to individual farm members

family farm

A farming operation wholly owned by a family or family corporation that sells its products to some defined market, either directly or through a cooperative

commodity

In agriculture, a primary product that can be bought and sold, such as coffee, rice, or milk

commodity chain

A series of links connecting a commodity's many places of production, distribution, and consumption

agribusiness

Large corporation that provides a vast array of goods and services to support the agricultural industry

concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO)

Animal rearing system that confines livestock (such as cattle, sheep, turkeys, chickens, and hogs) in high-density cages only large enough to allow the animal's body to grow and to accommodate equipment for feeding and waste removal

cool chain

The system that uses refrigeration and food-freezing technologies to keep farm produce fresh in climate-controlled environments at every stage of transport from field to retail grocers and restaurants