med surg electrolytes

What is the normal value for sodium?

133-145

S/sx of hypernatremia?

thirst, restlessness, decreased urine output

S/sx of hyponatremia

lethargy, headache, seizures

think Na for _____

neuro

Tx of hyper/hyponatremia

frequent neuro checks, SLOWLY, increase or decrease Na, IV fluids if indicated

what are the normal levels of potassium?

3.5-5.3

S/sx of hyperkalemia

acidosis, muscle cramps, bradycardia, peaked T waves, numbness

S/sx of hypokalemia

alkalosis, muscle cramps, bradycardia, flattened t waves

Tx for hyperkalemia

IV insulin, Kayexalate, dialysis, calcium gluconate

tx for hypokalemia

IV KCL or oral replacement

how quickly should you replace potassium?

no more than 10 k in an hr thru normal IV

if pH is high what will happen to K?

decrease

think K for _____

kardiac

what is the normal levels of magnesium

1.8-2.5

S/sx of hypermagnesemia

muscle weakness, nausea/vomiting, resp depression

S/sx of hypomagnesemia

twitching, cramps, hyperactive DTRs, paralytic ileus

Tx hypomagnesemia

supplements, mag sulfate, IV calcium gluconate

tx of hypermagnesemia

dialysis, diuretics, increase fluids

what is something the nurse needs to monitor no matter if magnesium is high or low

neuro/cardiac assessments and check for Chvostek's and trousseau's

normal levels of calcium

9-11

S/sx of hypercalcemia

shortened QT, lethargy, constipation, decreased neuromuscular excitability.

S/sx of hypocalcemia

tetany, confusion, hyperreactive DTRs, numbness

Tx for hypercalcemia

calcitonin, loop diuretics, dietary restriction

tx for hypocalcemia

correct mag imbalance, IV calcium gluconate, Chloride, EKG monitoring

what are the normal levels of phosphorous

2.5-4.5

S/sx of hyperphosphatemia is the same as hypocalcemia

tetany, confusion, hyperreactive DTRs, numbness

S/sx of hypophosphatemia is the same as hypercalcemia

shortened QT, lethargy, constipation, decreased neuromuscular excitability.

Tx of hyperphosphatemia

phos binders, vit d, Ca supplements

Tx of hypophosphatemia

neutraphos

what is the normal range of chloride

95-108