African American History Chapter 1234 Exam Study Guide

@hindsccMr.Bobo

Who/What is the Trans Saharan Trade

The trade across the Sahara connecting Africa, Europe, and Middle East

When/ Where was the Trans-Saharan Trade

Before the 16th century

Why was the Trans-Saharan Trade important

Early African trade networks, the spread of goods, ideas, and cultures

Who/What is the Caravels 

Small, fast Portuguese ships

When/When was the caravels

15 century, Europe and Africa

Why was the caravels important

allowed ocean exploration and maritime expansion

Who/what was the triangle trade

Trade system connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas

when/where was the triangle trade

16-19 century

Why was the triangle trade important

exchanged goods,slaves, raw material drove economic growth and slavery

who/what was the middle passage

transatlantic voyage of slaves

when/where was the middle passage

16-19th century in Africa to the americas

Why was the middle passage important

brutal conditions and transported millions of slaves, a major part of slaverys expansion

who/what was the manumission

legal freeing of slaves

when/where was the manumission

the colonial americas

why was the manumission important

allowed some slaves freedom and shows varied slavery experiences

Who/what were indentured servants

people working for passage to colonies

when/where were indentured servants

17-18th century in North America

why were indentured servants important

temporary labor, insufficient for plantation needs, it led to African American slavery

what was chattel slavery

NOTEBOOK

when/where was chattel slavery

17-19th century in the americas 

Why was chattel slavery important 

it made slavery hereditary, lifelong radicalized and foundation of plantation economy 

Who/what was the stone rebellion

slave uprising in SC

when/where was the stone rebellion

1739 in South Carolina

why was the stono rebellion important

it was a example of active resistance to oppression

what was the great awakening 

it was a religious revival

when/where was the great awakening

1730s-1740s in the colonies

why was the great awakening important

it influenced African American faith and promoted individual equality

what was the lord dunmore proclamation

when the British offered freedom for slaves joining British forces

when/where was lord dunmore proclamation

1775 in Virginia

Slavery in Africa Before Transatlantic Trade

war captives, debt bondage, domestic slavery, could marry, own property, sometimes gain freedom, integrated into society, not lifelong chattel slavery

Why colonies chose African slavery 

the labor demand was tobacco, sugar, and rice plantations, indentured servants were becoming insufficient, and natives decimated, africans were resistant to disease and were considered suitable for labor, this led to transatlantic slave trade, and radicalized chattel slavery

Resistance to slavery

In africa slaves were fleeing and there were rebellion, and negotiating, in the middle passage slaves had revolts, committing suicide, and refusing to eat. in the colonies the world was slowing down, things were being sabotaged, slaves were running away and the stone rebellion, cultural retention as resistance(language, religion, and traditions)

Slavery in colonial regions

New England there were small farms, domestic service, and fewer slaves, in the middle colonies there was mixed agriculture, moderate slavery, and skilled labor, in the Chesapeake there was tobacco plantations, harsh work, and large enslaved population, in the southern colonies they had rice and indigo plantains, rigid racial hierarchy and high mortality

African Americans & Revolutionary War

Fought on both patriot and loyalist side for freedom that they were promised, lord dunmore proclamation offered escape and freedom, used liberty and equality to challenge slavery, had limited long term gains but paved way for future struggles