History EofY Y8

What did the Act of Supremacy (1559) do?

Made Elizabeth I the Supreme Governor of the Church of England.

What did the Act of Uniformity (1559) do?

Required churches to follow the Book of Common Prayer and Protestant worship.

What was the Northern Rebellion (1569)?

Catholic nobles rebelled to replace Elizabeth with Mary, Queen of Scots – it failed.

What happened in 1570 that increased the threat to Elizabeth?

The Pope excommunicated her, encouraging Catholics to disobey and rebel.

What was the Ridolfi Plot (1571)?

Plan to assassinate Elizabeth and make Mary queen – it failed, Norfolk was executed.

What was the Throckmorton Plot (1583)?

Foreign-backed plan to invade England and restore Catholicism – discovered by spies.

What was the Babington Plot (1586)?

Plan to kill Elizabeth – Mary Queen of Scots was caught and later executed.

What happened in 1588?

The Spanish Armada was defeated – major Protestant victory for England.

Who became king in 1603?

James VI of Scotland became James I of England – Union of the Crowns.

When did Charles I become king?

1625 – believed in divine right and clashed with Parliament.

What was the Personal Rule (1629–1640)?

Charles I ruled without Parliament for 11 years – caused anger.

When did the English Civil War begin?

1642 – between Royalists and Parliamentarians.

What happened at the Battle of Edgehill (1642)?

First battle of the Civil War – no clear winner.

Why is the Battle of Marston Moor (1644) important?

Parliament and Scots defeated Royalists – turning point.

What happened at the Battle of Naseby (1645)?

New Model Army crushed the Royalist army – major win for Parliament.

What happened to Charles I in 1649?

He was executed for treason – monarchy abolished.

What was the Battle of Worcester (1651)?

Cromwell defeated Charles II – ends Royalist resistance.

What happened in 1660?

Restoration of the monarchy – Charles II became king.

What was the Great Plague (1665)?

Last major outbreak of plague – 100,000 died in London.

What was the Great Fire of London (1666)?

Massive fire destroyed London – led to better planning and hygiene.

What was the Exclusion Crisis (1679–1681)?

Parliament tried to block James (a Catholic) from being king – led to Whigs and Tories.

When did James II become king?

1685 – he was openly Catholic, which worried Protestants.

What was the Battle of Sedgemoor (1685)?

James II defeated the Monmouth Rebellion – last pitched battle in England.

Why was the birth of James II’s Catholic son in 1688 important?

It meant a future Catholic dynasty – Protestants feared losing power.

What was the Glorious Revolution (1688)?

Parliament invited William and Mary to take the throne – James II fled.

What happened at the Battle of the Boyne (1689)?

William III defeated James II in Ireland – Protestant rule confirmed.

What did the Bill of Rights (1689) do?

Limited the monarch's power and gave Parliament more control – start of constitutional monarchy.