Cerebrospinal Fluid

Viral Meningitis [Lymphocyte]

1. The only type of MENINGITIS where Glucose is Normal

2. What WBC is present?

• Glucose: Decrease

• WBC: Neutrophil

Glucose level and WBC present in BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

Lactate

Waste product of GLUCOSE METABOLISM

Bacterial Meningitis

• _{^{bacteria feeds on glucose = glucose metabolism = ↑ lactate}}

A severely increase amount of LACTATE is an indication of?

Consciouness Disturbance (comma?)

A severelt increase amount of GLUTAMINE can cause?

• _{^{CSF Culture}}

• _{^{Gram Stain}}

• _{^{Acid-Fast or Flourescent Antibody Stains}}

• India Ink Preparation

• _{^{Wet Preparation}}

CSF MICROBIOLOGY TESTS:

• Detects Cryptococcus Neoformans

• _{^{CSF Culture}}

• _{^{Gram Stain}}

• Acid-Fast or Flourescent Antibody Stains

• _{^{India Ink Preparation}}

• _{^{Wet Preparation}}

CSF MICROBIOLOGY TESTS:

• When tubercular meningitis is suspected

• _{^{CSF Culture}}

• _{^{Gram Stain}}

• _{^{Acid-Fast or Flourescent Antibody Stains}}

• _{^{India Ink Preparation}}

• Wet Preparation

CSF MICROBIOLOGY TESTS:

• Detection of Naegleria Fowleri

• CSF Culture

• _{^{Gram Stain}}

• _{^{Acid-Fast or Flourescent Antibody Stains}}

• _{^{India Ink Preparation}}

• _{^{Wet Preparation}}

CSF MICROBIOLOGY TESTS:

• CONFIRMATORY

• _{^{CSF Culture}}

• Gram Stain

• _{^{Acid-Fast or Flourescent Antibody Stains}}

• _{^{India Ink Preparation}}

• _{^{Wet Preparation}}

CSF MICROBIOLOGY TESTS:

• Most difficult to interpret

Bacterial Meningitis

TYPE OF MENINGITIS:

• Neutrophil present

• Marked protein elevation

• Lactate = >35mg/dl

Viral Meningitis

• _{^{REMEMBER: Virus does not feed on glucose, only bacteria and fungi}}

TYPE OF MENINGITIS:

• Lymphocyte present

• Moderate protein elevation

• Normal Glucose

• Normal Lactate

Tubercular Meningitis

TYPE OF MENINGITIS:

• Lymphocytes and Monocytes present

• Moderate to Marked protein elevation

• Decrease glucose

• Lactate = >25 mg/dl (lesser)

• PELLICLE FORMATION

Fungal Meningitis

TYPE OF MENINGITIS:

• Lymphocytes and Monocytes present

• Moderate to Marked protein

• Normal to decrease glucose

• Lactate = >25 mg/dL

• POSITIVE: Crytococcus Neoformans

Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL)

SEROLOGICAL TEST:

• Recommended to diagnose NEUROSYPHILIS