memorize for ap chem

h2, n2, o2, halogens (minue At and Ts)

diatomic molecules

silver ion charge

1+

zinc ion charge

2+

lead ion charge

2+ or 4+

perchloric acid (strong acid)

HCLO4

hydroiodic acid (strong acid)

HI (aq)

hydrobromic acid (strong acid)

HBr (aq)

hydrochloric acid (strong acid)

HCl (aq)

sulfuric acid (strong acid)

H2SO4

nitric acid (strong acid)

HNO3

hydronium ion (strong acid)

H3O+

hydroxide (strong base)

OH-

hydride (strong base)

H-

amide (strong base)

NH2-

ammonia (weak base)

NH3

ammonia

nh3

glucose

c6h12o6

ethanol

c2h5oh

sucrose

c12h22o11

hydrogen peroxide

h2o2

ozone

o3

hydrogen sulfide

h2s

acetic acid

ch3cooh

mercury (I) ion

Hg2(2+)

mercury (II) ion

Hg(2+)

acetate/ethanoate ion

CH3COO(-)/C2H3O2(-)

carbonate

CO3(2-)

hydrogen carbonate

HCO3(-)

Hypochlorite

ClO(-)

Chlorite

ClO2(-)

Chlorate

ClO3(-)

Perchlorate ClO4

ClO4(-)

Chromate

CrO4(2-)

Dichromate

Cr2O7(2-)

Cyanide

CN(-)

Thiocyanate

SCN(-)

Hydroxide

OH(-)

Nitrite

NO2(-)

Nitrate

NO3(-)

Oxalate

Cr2O4(2-)

Peroxide

O2(2-)

Permanganate

MnO4(-)

Phosphide

P(3-)

Phosphite

PO3(3-)

Phosphate

PO4(3-)

Sulfide

S(2-)

Sulfite

SO3(2-)

Sulfate

SO4(2-)

Thiosulfate

S2O3(2-)

Hydrogen sulfate

HSO4(-)

wavelength of visible light

red-700nm to violet-400nm

common covalent network solids

C as diamond in a 3-D network of C atoms.

C as graphite in 2-D sheets in a planar network.

Si (used in almost all computer chips)

Ge (just like Si)

SiO2 (as quartz in 3-D network and asbestos fibers in 2 D string network)

SiC (silicon carbide)

BN (boron nitride)

prefix: meth

number of c atoms: 1

prefix: eth

number of c atoms: 2

prefix: prop

number of c atoms: 3

prefix: but

number of c atoms: 4

prefix: pent

number of c atoms: 5

prefix: hex

number of c atoms: 6

prefix: hept

number of c atoms: 7

prefix: oct

number of c atoms: 8

prefix: non

number of c atoms: 9

prefix: dec

number of c atoms: 10