APUSH Chapter 13 and 15

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chapter 13 and 15 terms

93 Terms

1

Graft

the acquisition of money in dishonest ways, as in bribing a politician

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2

Political Machines

Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party.

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3

Old Immigrants

Immigrants from Northern and Western Europe. Before 1865

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4

New Immigrants

Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe. After 1865 - 1914

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5

Ellis Island

New York City

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6

Angel Island

San Francisco

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7

Push Factors

Unemployment , Overcrowding, Compulsory Military Service

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8

Pull Factors

Land, Social Mobility, Jobs

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9

Nativism

extreme dislike of immigrants be native born people base on ethnicity or religious prejudice

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10

American Protective Association

An organization created by nativists in 1887 that campaigned for laws to restrict immigration. Wanted to not hire immigrants or vote for Catholics

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11

Chinese Exclusion Act

1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers. stop immigration for 10 years and prevented citizenship

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12

Urbanization

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban areas (cities)

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13

Skyscrapers

tall buildings built as land values were rising in cities.

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14

Mass Transit

Transportation system designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes

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15

Cities

separated by class, wealthy lived in the heart of the cities, middle class - suburbs, working class - tenements.

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16

Party Boss

people who ran political machines

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17

Tammany Hall

an organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in New York City

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18

William Boss Tweed

Political Machine Leader of NYC's Tammany Hall. Corrupt in spending tax dollars. Benefit voters for votes and politicians for graft/greed.

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19

Tuskegee Institute

Booker T. Washington built this school to educate black students on learning how to support themselves and prosper

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20

Hull House

Settlement home designed as a welfare agency for needy families. It provided social and educational opportunities for working class people in the neighborhood as well as improving some of the conditions caused by poverty.

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21

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

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22

William Jennings Bryan

Populist and Democratic presidential nominee in 1896

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23

Herbert Spencer

English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903)

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24

Ida B. Wells

African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores

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25

Scott Joplin

King of Ragtime

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26

Pendleton Act

reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission

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27

Gilded Age

1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor

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28

Sherman Antitrust Act

First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison. However, it was initially misused against labor unions. allowed government to break up big companies in 1890

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29

Thomas Eakins

Specialized in painting the everyday lifes of working-class men and women

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30

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude

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31

Progressivism

movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms

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32

Government regulations

the act of controlling business behavior through a set of rules or laws

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33

Muckrakers

Journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public

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34

City Government reforms

Create city departments - certain areas transit, electrical, sewage. Hire City managers to run the city - you can also fire them if they don't do their job.

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35

Direct Primary

A primary where voters directly select the candidates who will run for office

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36

Initiative

A procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment.

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37

Referendum

a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate

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38

Recall

procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office

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39

17th Amendment

Direct election of US senators

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40

American Women Suffrage Association

focused on winning the right to vote for women state by state.

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41

National Women Suffrage Association

A group that worked for a constitutional amendment to give women the right to vote

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42

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages

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43

nativist’s reaction to immigrants

feared Catholics were gaining control of America. Unions and workers were worried immigrants would take jobs/ be strikebreakers. Created American Protective Association and Chinese Exclusion Act.

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44

popular culture

people had more money to spend on entertainment and recreation

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45

settlement house movement

in poor neighborhoods and offered healthcare and education for the working class

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46

Booker T. Washington

proposed Af. Am. fight for economic rights and prepare by getting education and vocation

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47

social Darwinism

society evolved through competition and natural selection “survival of fittest”

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48

tenements

multifamily apartment. crowded

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49

individualism

no matter how poor/which class you were when started, people could rise in society as far as talents and commitment would take them (capitalism-free enterprise)

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50

philatropy

idea wealthy Am. should use fortunes to help people help themselves- Carnegie libraries- Bill Gates Foundation

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51

Lester Frank Ward

Dynamic Sociology- argues humans are different than animals (Darwinism)- humans have ability to make plans for future outcomes, can cooperate, and government could regulate economy- end poverty, promote education

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52

social gospel movement

worked for better conditions in cities according to biblical ideals of charity and justice- inspired churches to build gyms, provide social programs and childcare, and help poor

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53

salvation army

combined faith and interest in reform- offered practical aid and religious counseling to urban poor

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54

YMCA

combined faith and interest in reform- tried to help industry workers and urban poor by organizing Bible studies, citizenship training, and group activities- provided low cost boarding house for young men

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55

public education and Americanization

crucial to success of immigrant kids-taught English and learned Am. history and culture

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56

civil service reforms

hayes tries to end patronage (spoils system) by appointing reforms and not party supporters- actions split rep party

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57

stalwarts

supported patronage- don’t change

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58

Halfbreeds

backed some reforms

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59

interstate commerce act

first federal law to regulate interstate commerce- limited railroad rates to “reasonable and just”- created commission- worker and passenger safety regulations

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60

commission

banned rebates and increased rates for short hauls- group of people

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61

populism

people’s party’- farmers, workers- included rr regulations, silver coinage (money supply), graduate income tax- increase in money means increase in amount you pay

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62

populist party and african americans

southern poor whites and african americans joined in voting for populists

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63

southern democrats

continued to use racism and work for segregation to spilt coalition- passed laws to keep society separated (segregation)

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64

election of 1896

rep nom- McKinley won

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65

de jure

segregation by law

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66

de facto

segregation by actions

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67

mary church terrell

anitlynching, racism, sexism- helped found NAACP

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68

WEB Du Bois

believed african americans should continue to fight for civil rights- voting mostly- to end discrimination- NAACP founder

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69

city dept

specialists on certain ares

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70

city manager

less democracy- less corruption- could be fired

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71

child labor

passed min age and max hours, compulsory educaiton laws

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72

zoning laws

separating cities based on industry and residential areas- sign say industrial zone in cities

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73

building codes

created codes that buildings must follow and have for certain use

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74

18th amenment

illegal to sell, manufacture, and distribute alcohol

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75

prohibition

progressives viewed alcohol as cause of social problems, poverty, physical abuse, worker efficiency going down, voting location

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76

Roosevelt

he was progressive on domestic issues, reform program called square deal, ordered govt to sue N. Securities under Sherman Antitrust Act, coal strike- used arbitration and forced mine owners to except decision

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77

hepburn act

gave power to ICC to regulate railroad rates and set prices

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78

Meat Inspection Act

worked to improve conditions of food preparation business

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79

Pure Food and Drug Act

worked to oppose ingredient of medicine and food that were dangerous or made false claims (FDA)

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80

Roosevelt and Conservation

Newland reclamation act- sold public land for development projects, protected national forests and established 5 new national parks/wildlife reservations, public land use should be conserved- used wisely- saved for later

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81

president william taft

payne-aldrich act- put tariffs on imports- hurt support to make changes in his presidency, 2x as many antitrusts cases, created children bureau- child labor, child abuse, foster care, adoption

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82

woodrow wilson

underwood tariff act, first graduated income tax, fed reserve act, federal trade commission- power to investigate companies and issue “cease and desist” orders against unfair trade practices- Robber Barins, monopoly, clayton antitrust act

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83

legacy

began to see government as way to improve lives, protect workers, consumers, and regulate business

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84

limitations

progressivism failed to address racial and religious discrimination

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85

Northern Securities v. US

Supreme Court rules against stockholders of railroad companies- dissolved the comp - strengthened Sherman antitrust act

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86

ida tarbell

journalists-muckraker0 exposed monopolistic practices of standard oil- led to break up of stadard oil

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87

underwood tariff act

revenue act- reestablished federal income tax and lowered tariff rates

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88

16th amendment

allows congress to levy income tax without apportioning it among states on basis of population

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89

clayton antitrust act

fixed Sherman antitrust act- state trusts didn’t apply to union or farm organizations (gave unions right to exist)

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90

federal reserve act

set up 12 regional banks to regulate trust rates and monitor money supply

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91

Richard A. Ballinger

replaced Roosevelt’s secretary of interior- conservationist- tried to open public land to private development

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92

Roosevelt’s new nationalism

accepted large trusts as fact of life and set government to create proposals to increase regulate- favored laws protecting women and kids in labor force and workers compensation for injured on job

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93

Wilson’s new freedom

freedom outweighed efficiency- reforms affecting tariffs, banking, trusts, and workers rights

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