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compound
a pure substance that is made of more than one type of atom bonded together, electrically neutral
chemical bond
the force that holds two atoms or ions together, formed to increase stability
ionic bond
transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal
covalent bond
sharing electrons between nonmetals or a metalloid and a nonmetal
metallic bond
attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons between metals
ionic compounds
compounds that contain at least one ionic bond, high melting and boiling points, does not conduct electricity in solid state
binary ionic compounds
ionic compounds that only contain 2 elements
crystal lattice
three-dimensional geometric arrangement of particles, found in ionic compounds
aqueous solution
solution in which water is the solvent; many ionic compounds have this property
strong electrolytes
substances whose aqueous solutions are strong conductors of electricity; water soluble ionic compounds have this property
lattice energy
the energy required to separate one mole of the ions of an ionic compound
stronger
the higher the lattice energy the ____________ the bond
monatomic ion
a charged particle formed from a single atom
oxidation number (aka valence/oxidation state)
a number that represents an atom's or ion's combining capacity
charge
for an ion, the oxidation state is the same as its ____________
1+
alkali metals charge
2+
group 2 elements' charge
2-
group 16 elements' charge
1-
group 17 elements' charge
n/a
group 18 elements' charge
1+
silver (Ag) element's charge
2+
zinc (Zn) element's charge
2+
cadmium (Cd) element's charge
3+
aluminum (Al) element's charge
element name
cations with fixed charges
anion names end in -ide
may form anions
element name followed by charge as roman numeral in parentheses
form cations with multiple charge possibilities
polyatomic ions that conation oxygen
oxyanions
plus one atom of oxygen
prefix: per; suffix: ate
most common form of ion
suffix: ate
minus one atom of oxygen
suffix: ite
minus two atoms of oxygen
prefix: hypo; suffix: ite
chemical formula
a notation of element symbols and subscripts used to represent the composition of a compound
formula unit
the amount represented by one formula of an ionic compound
electron sea model
the metal atoms in a metallic solid contribute their valence electrons to form a concentration of electrons that surrounds the metal cations in their lattice
delocalized electrons
electrons that do not belong to a particular atom but are free to move in the sample
alloy
a homogeneous mixture of elements that have metallic properties
substitutional alloy
a compound that is formed when some of the host metal atoms are replaced by other metal atoms of a certain size
interstitial alloy
a compound formed when an atom with a small enough radius sits in an interstitial "hole" in a metal lattice