Chemistry Chapter 7

compound

a pure substance that is made of more than one type of atom bonded together, electrically neutral

chemical bond

the force that holds two atoms or ions together, formed to increase stability

ionic bond

transfer of electrons from a metal to a nonmetal

covalent bond

sharing electrons between nonmetals or a metalloid and a nonmetal

metallic bond

attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons between metals

ionic compounds

compounds that contain at least one ionic bond, high melting and boiling points, does not conduct electricity in solid state

binary ionic compounds

ionic compounds that only contain 2 elements

crystal lattice

three-dimensional geometric arrangement of particles, found in ionic compounds

aqueous solution

solution in which water is the solvent; many ionic compounds have this property

strong electrolytes

substances whose aqueous solutions are strong conductors of electricity; water soluble ionic compounds have this property

lattice energy

the energy required to separate one mole of the ions of an ionic compound

stronger

the higher the lattice energy the ____________ the bond

monatomic ion

a charged particle formed from a single atom

oxidation number (aka valence/oxidation state)

a number that represents an atom's or ion's combining capacity

charge

for an ion, the oxidation state is the same as its ____________

1+

alkali metals charge

2+

group 2 elements' charge

2-

group 16 elements' charge

1-

group 17 elements' charge

n/a

group 18 elements' charge

1+

silver (Ag) element's charge

2+

zinc (Zn) element's charge

2+

cadmium (Cd) element's charge

3+

aluminum (Al) element's charge

element name

cations with fixed charges

anion names end in -ide

may form anions

element name followed by charge as roman numeral in parentheses

form cations with multiple charge possibilities

polyatomic ions that conation oxygen

oxyanions

plus one atom of oxygen

prefix: per; suffix: ate

most common form of ion

suffix: ate

minus one atom of oxygen

suffix: ite

minus two atoms of oxygen

prefix: hypo; suffix: ite

chemical formula

a notation of element symbols and subscripts used to represent the composition of a compound

formula unit

the amount represented by one formula of an ionic compound

electron sea model

the metal atoms in a metallic solid contribute their valence electrons to form a concentration of electrons that surrounds the metal cations in their lattice

delocalized electrons

electrons that do not belong to a particular atom but are free to move in the sample

alloy

a homogeneous mixture of elements that have metallic properties

substitutional alloy

a compound that is formed when some of the host metal atoms are replaced by other metal atoms of a certain size

interstitial alloy

a compound formed when an atom with a small enough radius sits in an interstitial "hole" in a metal lattice