MAOR108 Whenua and Property Flashcards for Final Exam

What body was recognised as a legal person?

Te Awa Tupua

When was Te Awa Tupua recognised as a legal person?

2017

Significance of Te Awa Tupua

Demonstrated a shift towards relational governance frameworks

Whenua definitions

Land and placenta

Purpose of the Native Land Court

Alienate Maori from their land

When was the Native Land Court established?

1862

What allowed the NLC to exist?

Native Lands Act

What was the Foreshore and Seabeds Act 2004 about?

Maori rights to coastal areas

Raupatu definition

The act of land confiscation

Effect of Bastion Point occupation

Raised awareness of land rights issues

Maori Affairs Amendment Act purpose

Convert Maori land to general land

Maori Affairs Amendment Act date

1967

What was the traditional NZ economy built on?

Farming, forestry, and fishing

What does the sources of the traditional NZ economy mean?

Motivation for continued Maori land alienation

Public Works Act effect

Many Maori lost land because of policy restraints concerning which lands could be returned

How much land was lost in Waikato confiscations?

1.7 million hectares

How much land was returned for Waikato confiscations?

1.7%

European Enlightenment date

17th-18th c.

When did the term “own” emerge?

17th c.

When did the term “property” emerge?

14th c.

Focus of European Enlightenment

Individual rights and ownership

In Maori cosmology, how are humans related to the world?

Whakapapa ties humans to the whenua

Brookfield’s theory

Crown gaining sovereignty through a gradual revolution, not the Treaty

Explain Ngai Tahu Settlement of Mt Cook

Reinstated name Aoraki and ordered Crown to manage the land for public benefit

Maori myth relation to land

Myths demonstrate human limits and environmental force

Whakaro and free will

Te Ao Maori considers thoughts to be a result of ancestral influence rather than exclusively independent

Maori land ownership statistic

10% though a third is landlocked

When was the bulk of Maori land lost?

Post-1865

What did South Island land purchases look like?

Large parcels acquired in early purchases

What did Justice Minister Henry Sewell state about the NLC’s aims?

To put the North Island in reach of colonisation

How were NLC claimants put at a disadvantage?

They had to travel to small towns for hearings, secure lodging, and cover survey costs

What did Maori call the NLC?

The Land Taking Court

Raihana definition

The process and costs of Maori visiting the NLC

How many acres of land did Maori own in 1891?

10 million

Explain Cape Palliser access debates

Iwi seeking to restrict access to protect sacred lands and recover damaged areas

Bastion Point occupation dates

1977-1978

Context of Bastion Point occupation

In 1950s, Maori living at Wairau were displaced to Bastion Point. In the 1970s, the government sought to develop the land for other purposes

How long did the Bastion Point occupation last?

506 days

Bhabha’s observation

Where there is diversity, there can be difference