Bio Final

Science differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relies on

testing explanations

Science is best described as a

way of knowing

The work of scientists usually begins with

careful observations

During a controlled experiment, a scientist isolates and tests

a single variable

A student sees a bee on a flower. The student wonders how the bee finds flowers. This student is displaying the scientific attitude of

curiosity

Why is creativity considered a scientific attitude?

Creativity helps scientist come up with different experiments

Suppose a scientist must choose whether to publish a report in a newspaper or in a peer-reviewed journal. What is a benefit of publishing in the journal?

The reviewers will fix mistakes in the report's experiment

Who reviews articles for peer-reviewed journals?

anonymous and independent experts

How does sharing ideas through peer-reviewed articles help advance science?

Scientists reading the articles may come up with new questions to study

A theory

may be revised or replaced

How do scientific theories compare to hypotheses?

Theories unify a broad range of observations and hypotheses

Which of the following is NOT a way that science influences society?

Science gives society answers to difficult ethical issues

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

ability to move

Which of the following characteristics of living things best explains why some North American birds fly south for winter?

Living things respond to their environment

Figure 1-1 illustrates which characteristic of living things?

Living things need material and energy

The process by which organisms keep everything inside their bodies within certain limits is called

homeostasis

Figure 1-2 shows that tree finches and ground finches are descended from a common ancestor. This example represents which big idea in biology?

evolution

Would a scientist who studies evolution also have to learn about other branches of biology? Why or why not?

Yes; the different branches of biology are interrelated

What are the smallest objects that biologists study?

cells or molecules

Biologists who work in the fields of genomics and molecular biology study

DNA

The standard or English system of measurement uses units such as yards, miles, quarters, and gallons. The metric system uses units such as meters, kilometers, milliliters, and liters. Why is the metric system easier to use than the English system?

The metric system is based on multiples of 10

Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?

very few cells are able to reproduce

Color seen in images made from electron microscopes are

added to make certain structures easier to see

Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?

stores DNA

Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus?

Mitochondria

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

helps a cell keep its shape

Which structures are involved in cell movement?

Microtubules and microfilaments

Which structure in the cell shown in Figure 7-2 above stores materials, such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates?

Structure C

Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?

Chloroplast

The primary function of the cell wall is to

Support and protect the cell

You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?

animals

Which of the following structures serves as the cell's boundary from its environment?

cell membrane

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called

osmosis

An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water will burst because the osmotic pressure causes

water to move into the cell

Which means of particle transport is shown in Figure 7-5 above?

endocytosis

Which term describes the relatively constant internal physical conditions of an organism?

homeostasis

Which of the following is an example of an organ?

heart

A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called

a tissue

An organ system is a group of organs that

work together to perform a specific function

Which list represents that levels of organization in a multicellular organism from the simplest level to the most complex level?

cell,tissue,organ,organ system

Which of the following organisms makes its own food using light energy from the sun?

oak

Which of the following organisms is a heterotroph?

mushroom

What happens during photosynthesis?

autotrophs produce carbohydrates.

Plants get the energy they need for photosynthesis by absorbing

sunlight

Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?

in the thylakoid membrane.

Which of the following is NOT found in the overall reaction for photosynthesis?

nitrogen

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?

ATP, NADPH, and oxygen gas

How do organisms get the energy they need?

by breaking down food molecules gradually and capturing their chemical energy

Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration?

fermentation

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

6CO2 + C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down

food molecules

Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires

oxygen

Which of the following is one of the ways that cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite processes?

photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back.

Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in

all eukaryotic cells

If you want to control your weight, how long should you exercise aerobically each time you exercise?

more than 20 minutes

All the following are sources of energy during exercise EXCEPT

alcoholic fermentation

All of the following are problems that growth causes for cells EXCEPT

excess oxygen

Compared with small cells, large cells have more trouble

moving needed materials in and waste products out

After cell division, each daughter cell has

a higher surface area/volume ratio than the parent cell

When during the cell cycle is a cell's DNA replicated?

S Phase

Which event occurs during interphase?

centrioles duplicate

Cell division is represented in Figure 10-3 by the letter?

D

The structures labeled B in Figure 10-5 are called

sister chromatids

During which phases of mitosis are structures like the one shown in figure 10-5 visible?

prophase, metaphase, and anaphase

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be

homozygous

Which of the following is a phase of mitosis?

prophase

Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Which of the following explains why normal cells grown in a petri dish tend to stop growing once they have covered the bottom of the dish?

contact with other cells stops cell growth

In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by

cyclins

Cancer cells form masses of cells called

tumors

Cancer affects

multicellular organisms only

During early development, all cells in the embryo of a multicellular organism are identical. Later on in development, the cells will become specialized through a process called

differentiation

Each pea-plant gamete has how many alleles for the height gene?

1

Gregor Mendel removed the male parts from the flowers of some plants in order to

control crosses between plants

If a pea plant's alleles for height are tt, what is true of its parents?

both parents were short

A tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt). If the tall F1 pea plants are allowed to self-pollinate,

all of the offspring can be tall or short

in the P generation, a tall plant was crossed with a short plant. No F1 plants were short. why do short plants reappear in the F2 generation?

the alleles for both heights segregated when the F1 plants made gametes

Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are

homozygous

Variation in human skin color is an example of

polygenic traits

Gametes have

one allele for each gene

Gametes are produced by the process of

meiosis

What is shown in Figure 11-4?

Crossing-over

Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of

haploid cells

Which of the following assort independently?

chromosomes

What do bacteriophages infect?

bacteria

Figure 12-2 shows the structure of

a DNA molecule

Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA

deoxyribose+phosphate group+cytosine

In eukaryotes, DNA

is located in the nucleus

From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?

DNA

During eukaryotic transcription, an RNA molecule is formed that is

complementary to part of one strand of DNA

Genes contain instructions for assembling

proteins

A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called

a point mutation

Based on the adaptions Charles Darwin observed in finches and tortoises in the Galapagos, he wondered

if species living on different islands had once been members of the same species

Charles Darwin's observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos Island have many similar physical characteristics support the hypothesis that these finches

descended from a common ancestor

On the Galapagos Island, Charles Darwin observed

species similar to mainland South American species

Darwin first began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after

observing patterns among the geographical location of certain species

James Hutton's and Charles Lyell's work suggests that

earth is several million years old

Darwin realized that the economist Malthus's theory of population control

could be generalized to any population of organisms

When a dairy farmer chooses to breed the cows that give the most milk in the herd, the farmers are following the principle of

artificial selection

When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is

artificial selection