Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Genital Systems – Key Vocabulary

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
GameKnowt Play
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/40

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering structures, pathogens, diseases, virulence factors, and treatments discussed in the lecture on urinary and genital system microbiology.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

41 Terms

1
New cards

Kidney

One of two organs that filter blood, form urine, and are part of the urinary system.

2
New cards

Ureter

Tube that carries urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder.

3
New cards

Urinary Bladder

Muscular sac that stores urine before elimination.

4
New cards

Urethra

Canal that conveys urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body.

5
New cards

Lactobacilli

Predominant vaginal microbiota that produce lactic acid and H₂O₂; growth promoted by estrogen.

6
New cards

Candida albicans

Yeast that is part of normal flora; overgrowth causes candidiasis (vaginal yeast infection).

7
New cards

Urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra.

8
New cards

Cystitis

Inflammation of the urinary bladder, commonly caused by Escherichia coli.

9
New cards

Ureteritis

Infection of the ureters.

10
New cards

Pyelonephritis

Inflammation of one or both kidneys; 75 % of cases caused by E. coli.

11
New cards

P-fimbriae

Adhesive virulence factor of uropathogenic E. coli that promotes kidney infection.

12
New cards

Leptospira interrogans

Obligate aerobic spirochete that causes leptospirosis.

13
New cards

Leptospirosis

Zoonotic disease transmitted via water contaminated with animal urine; can lead to Weil’s disease or pulmonary hemorrhagic syndrome.

14
New cards

Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI)

Infection transmitted via sexual contact; often asymptomatic; >30 known pathogens.

15
New cards

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Gram-negative diplococcus that causes gonorrhea.

16
New cards

Gonorrhea

STI characterized by purulent discharge and painful urination; treated with ceftriaxone.

17
New cards

Opa Protein

Surface protein of N. gonorrhoeae that aids in adherence and immune evasion.

18
New cards

IgA Protease

Enzyme produced by N. gonorrhoeae that destroys IgA antibodies.

19
New cards

Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)

Urethral inflammation not caused by gonococcus; commonly due to Chlamydia trachomatis or Mycoplasma genitalium.

20
New cards

Chlamydia trachomatis

Obligate intracellular bacterium lacking ATP synthesis; major cause of NGU, PID, and LGV.

21
New cards

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Extensive infection of female pelvic organs, usually due to N. gonorrhoeae and/or C. trachomatis.

22
New cards

Salpingitis

Infection and inflammation of the uterine (fallopian) tubes.

23
New cards

Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)

Tropical STI caused by C. trachomatis; infects lymphatic tissue and treated with doxycycline.

24
New cards

Treponema pallidum

Gram-negative spirochete responsible for syphilis.

25
New cards

Syphilis

Multi-stage STI (primary chancre, secondary rash, latent, tertiary gummas) caused by T. pallidum.

26
New cards

Chancre

Painless ulcer at infection site of primary syphilis.

27
New cards

Gumma

Soft, tumor-like lesion seen in tertiary syphilis.

28
New cards

Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2)

Enveloped DNA virus causing genital herpes.

29
New cards

Genital Herpes

Recurring STI characterized by painful genital vesicles; treated symptomatically with antivirals like acyclovir.

30
New cards

Neonatal Herpes

Severe HSV infection acquired in utero or during birth; high mortality and morbidity.

31
New cards

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

DNA virus causing genital warts (types 6, 11) and cervical cancer (types 16, 18, etc.).

32
New cards

Genital Warts

HPV-induced papillomas on genital skin or mucosa; prevented with nine-valent HPV vaccine.

33
New cards

E6 and E7 Oncoproteins

HPV proteins that inactivate p53 and Rb tumor suppressors, promoting cervical cancer.

34
New cards

Gardnerella vaginalis

Pleomorphic, gram-variable rod causing bacterial vaginosis.

35
New cards

Bacterial Vaginosis

Vaginal condition marked by elevated pH, foul gray discharge, and clue cells; treated with metronidazole.

36
New cards

Vaginolysin

Pore-forming toxin and virulence factor of G. vaginalis.

37
New cards

Candidiasis

Fungal infection of the vagina by C. albicans producing thick white discharge; treated with azole antifungals.

38
New cards

Trichomonas vaginalis

Flagellated protozoan causing trichomoniasis when vaginal pH rises.

39
New cards

Trichomoniasis

STI with greenish-yellow frothy discharge and irritation; treated with metronidazole.

40
New cards

Nitrofurantoin

Antibiotic commonly used to treat uncomplicated cystitis.

41
New cards

Leukocyte Esterase (LE) Test

Urine test detecting white blood cell enzyme; positive result supports pyelonephritis diagnosis.