History Midterm Practice

How did Hayes's election effectively end Reconstruction?

Hayes's election in 1876 led to the withdrawal of federal troops from the South, effectively ending Reconstruction and allowing Southern states to regain control.

What happened to most African American families in the South during Reconstruction?

Most African American families faced significant challenges, including poverty, discrimination, and limited access to education and land ownership.

Explain the outcomes of the Supreme Court decisions during the 1870s.

Supreme Court decisions during the 1870s often undermined civil rights for African Americans, including rulings that weakened the protections of the Reconstruction Amendments.

What action did Congress take to support Southern African Americans?

Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Reconstruction Amendments (13th, 14th, and 15th) to support the rights of Southern African Americans.

Which labor leader began the American Federation of Labor?

Samuel Gompers was the labor leader who founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in 1886.

Why did the federal government form the Interstate Commerce Commission?

The Interstate Commerce Commission was formed in 1887 to regulate railroad rates and practices to ensure fair competition and protect consumers.

How did the cotton gin change agriculture in the South?

The cotton gin, invented by Eli Whitney, significantly increased the efficiency of cotton processing, leading to a boom in cotton production and the expansion of slavery.

How did machines change workers' lives?

Machines increased productivity and efficiency in industries, leading to a shift from manual labor to mechanized work, which often resulted in lower wages and job displacement.

What was an immediate cause of the Panic of 1837?

An immediate cause of the Panic of 1837 was the collapse of the cotton market and the overextension of credit by banks.

How did Reformers work to change schools?

Reformers advocated for public education, improved teacher training, and the establishment of a standardized curriculum to make education accessible to all children.

What did the United States Treasury create when the Legal Tender Act was passed in 1862?

The United States Treasury created paper currency known as 'greenbacks' to help finance the Civil War.

What happened to the South's economy during the Civil War?

The South's economy suffered greatly during the Civil War due to blockades, destruction of infrastructure, and loss of labor force.

At processing stations, why did officials meet with immigrants?

Officials met with immigrants at processing stations to conduct health inspections, verify documentation, and determine eligibility for entry into the United States.

What did the middle-class lifestyle of the Gilded Age feature?

The middle-class lifestyle of the Gilded Age featured increased consumerism, home ownership, and leisure activities, along with a focus on education and social status.

Why did the cost of living decrease after the Civil War?

The cost of living decreased after the Civil War due to increased production, technological advancements, and a surplus of goods.

How did cities address the problems caused by urban living?

Cities addressed urban living problems by implementing public health measures, improving sanitation, and developing infrastructure such as public transportation.

What is a unicameral legislature?

A unicameral legislature is a legislative body with a single chamber, as opposed to a bicameral legislature which has two chambers.

Which proposal most resembled the Articles of Confederation?

The New Jersey Plan proposed at the Constitutional Convention most resembled the Articles of Confederation, advocating for a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state.

The U.S. Constitution contains which provision from the Virginia Plan?

The U.S. Constitution incorporates the provision for a bicameral legislature, which was a key element of the Virginia Plan.

As a result of the Revolution, women in America gained what?

As a result of the Revolution, women in America gained a greater recognition of their roles and contributions, leading to early movements for women's rights.

The term penitentiary is related to the word for?

The term penitentiary is related to the word 'penitence,' reflecting the idea that imprisonment should lead to remorse and rehabilitation.

Why did Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organize the Seneca Falls Convention?

Mott and Stanton organized the Seneca Falls Convention to advocate for women's rights and suffrage, marking the beginning of the women's rights movement in the U.S.

Where does the California Trail separate from the Oregon Trail?

The California Trail separates from the Oregon Trail at the South Pass in Wyoming.

What was the purpose of the Wilmot Proviso?

The Wilmot Proviso aimed to ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico during the Mexican-American War.

In the 1820s, Mexico invited American settlers to settle where?

Mexico invited American settlers to settle in Texas to help develop the region and boost its economy.

What was the significance of the Underground Railroad and 'Black Moses'?

The Underground Railroad was a network that helped enslaved people escape to freedom, and Harriet Tubman, known as 'Black Moses,' was a key conductor of this network.

What did seceding states believe that they had to leave the Union?

Seceding states believed they had to leave the Union to protect their rights and way of life, particularly regarding slavery.

How did the North's population differ from the South's population?

The North's population was more urban and industrialized, while the South's population was largely rural and agrarian, with a significant reliance on slavery.

The French made an open alliance with the United States following?

The French made an open alliance with the United States following the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777.

In what way did the American Revolution affect Native Americans?

The American Revolution often led to displacement and loss of land for Native Americans, as new American settlers expanded westward.

In what year could the Constitution go into effect?

The Constitution could go into effect in 1789 after being ratified by nine states.

What did the Federalists want the Constitution to provide?

The Federalists wanted the Constitution to provide a strong central government to maintain order and promote economic stability.

What were the critics of the Virginia Plan concerned about?

Critics of the Virginia Plan were concerned that it favored larger states and did not adequately represent smaller states.

The political debates over the Whiskey Rebellion led to what?

The political debates over the Whiskey Rebellion led to the formation of political parties, particularly the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.

Which event turned the tide of the conflict in the Ohio Valley?

The Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 turned the tide of the conflict in the Ohio Valley in favor of American settlers.

What were the results of the Whiskey Rebellion?

The results of the Whiskey Rebellion included the assertion of federal authority and the establishment of the precedent that the government could use military force to enforce laws.

Why did Jefferson make the Louisiana Purchase?

Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase to secure land for westward expansion and to control the Mississippi River for trade.

How did the British hope to limit American settlement in the Northwest Territory?

The British hoped to limit American settlement in the Northwest Territory by supporting Native American resistance against American expansion.

What were the effects of the Alien and Sedition Acts?

The Alien and Sedition Acts led to increased tensions between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans and were seen as violations of free speech.

What were the results of the Louisiana Purchase?

The results of the Louisiana Purchase included the doubling of U.S. territory, increased resources, and the opening of new lands for settlement.

What did Lincoln want before he announced the Emancipation Proclamation?

Lincoln wanted to ensure a military victory and public support before announcing the Emancipation Proclamation.

In the years immediately following the Civil War, the South?

In the years immediately following the Civil War, the South faced economic devastation, social upheaval, and the challenges of Reconstruction.

How did Abolitionists influence Lincoln's decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

Abolitionists pressured Lincoln to take a strong stance against slavery, influencing his decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation as a wartime measure.

What was President Lincoln's first major goal for Reconstruction?

President Lincoln's first major goal for Reconstruction was to reunite the nation and restore the Southern states to the Union.

What did President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction require?

President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction required Southern states to ratify the 13th Amendment and accept the abolition of slavery.