Studied by 5 people
state
has to have defined territory with boundaries, a permanent population, a government, sovereignty, and recognition from other states. ex. USA
nation-state
when the borders of a nation match the borders of a state; a state with (ideally) only one nation within it. no “true” examples, japan is 98% japanese
stateless nation
nations of people without a state to occupy, ex. the kurds, basque, and palestines
multinational state
a country with various ethnicities and cultures within its borders, ex. nigeria had over 250 groups
sovereignty
a state’s authority to control its territory and governs itself
multistate nation
consists of a nation of people that live in more than one state ex. russians in former soviet territories after cold war
autonomous region
a location within a state that is given authority to govern independently from the national government. ex. hong kong, tibet, and native american reservations
nationalism
an ideology that emphasizes loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a nation or nation-state and holds that such obligations outweigh other individual or group interests
self-determination
the right of all people to govern themselves. usually a nation, ethnicity, or former colony wants to govern themselves and establish sovereignty over their own state. oftentimes will result in independence movements or devolution
colonialism
the process by which one nation exercises near complete control over another country which they have settled and taken over
decolonization
the process of a colony gaining independence and becoming a sovereign nation
genocide
the deliberate and systematic destruction of a group of people because of their ethnicity, nationality, religion, or race
cold war
this period of time following wwII where the united states and the soviet union emerged as superpowers and faced off in an arms race that lasted nearly 50 years
satellite states
a political term that refers to a country which is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country
devolution
due to centrifugal forces, power is shifted from the central government or administration to regional authorities which are usually reflective of nations
choke point
geographic locations where the flow of people and essential goods can be constricted and choked off in the event of a conflict. it can be a strait, a mountain pass, a canal, a tunnel, or even a bridge. ex. strait of malacca, strait of hormuz and the suez canal
neocolonialism
the use of economic, political, cultural or other pressures in order to control or influence other countries, ex. former african colonies are reliant on outside investments for economic security
relic boundary
a border that no longer exists, but has left some imprint on the local culture or environmental geography; ex. iron curtain, confederacy in u.s.
superimposed boundary
a border that is drawn over existing and accepted borders by an outside force, ex berlin conference imposed boundaries throughout africa
antecedent boundary
borders that are established before there have been major settlements by people in a territory; ex. the 49th parallel that separates the us and canada
consequent boundary
type of subsequent boundary - takes into account the existing cultural distribution of the people living in the territory and redevelops boundary lines to more align with cultural boundaries
demarcated boundary
a visible marking of the landscape with objects such as fences or signs
demilitarized zone
an area in which treaties or agreements between nations, military powers or contending groups forbid military installations, activities or personnel; ex. north and south korea border that seperates them
berlin conference
european powers gathered to divide up the continent of Africa and establish borders. they drew political boundaries for their own benefit and it caused conflict and violence between african countries
landlocked
a country that is completely surrounded by the territory of more than one other country and has no direct access to the sea; considered a major disadvantage
maritime boundary
a conceptual means of division of the water surface of the planet into maritime areas that are defined through surrounding physical geography or by human geography
UNCLOS
an international agreement that describes how sea-going vessels should interact with each other and with marine resources in regional waters and the high seas
international waters
the areas of the sea that are not under the jurisdiction of any country
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