BMEG Final Exam

120,000; 22; 10

Overarching Motivation: Need for Replacement tissue/organ

• as many as over _________ people on transplant waiting list

• ___ people die each day waiting for a transplant

• every ___ minutes another person is added to the waiting list

What are the advantages/disadvantages of an autograft?

advantages: no immune rejection, disadvantages: impractical for certain types of tissue

What are the advantages/disadvantages of an allograft?

advantages: human source; disadvantages: scarce of source and immune incompatibility

What are the advantages/disadvantages of an xenograft?

advantages: readily available, disadvantages: immune incompatibility and different functions

What is tissue engineering?

A biomedical engineering discipline integrating biology with engineering to create tissues or cellular products outside the body or to use the gained knowledge to better manage the repair of tissues within the body

What is regenerative medicine?

uses body’s natural regeneration mechanisms to repair damaged tissues

artificial skin

• ______ systems

  • silicone membrane + ECM lower layer to induce blood vessel and connective tissue integration

  • ______: one of the most widely used synthetic skin substitutes for burn patients

acellular, integra

cultured autologous epidermal cells have a ____ delay of 3-4 weeks

time

artificial skin

• ______ systems

  • can be prepared in advance and stored frozen

  • _______: collagen-based system with allogeneic endothelial cells and fibroblast

  • _______: PLGA- based system with cultured fibroblasts

allograft, apligraf, dermagraft

what are the major steps in tissue engineering?

extraction of living cells, cell culturing, seeding onto scaffolds, implantation, degradation, extracellular matrix, new healthy tissue

scaffold guided tissue engineering

use of a scaffold to provide a temporal 3D architecture for cells attachment, growth, and forming a new tissue

the magic of stem cells can be defined by two distinctive properties

1. self-renewal: an ability to make identical copies of themselves

2. differentiation: an ability to form other cell types