KINE 1P90 Unit 5 Review

Respiratory epithelium

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Glottis

Structure within the larynx consisting of the vocal folds. Slit/opening allowing air to pass from the pharynx (upper respiratory) to the larynx (lower respiratory)

Hilum

Within the mediastinal surface - where the primary bronchus enters the lung; contains the bronchus, pulmonary vessels, and nerves

Terminal bronchiole

Supplies air to each individual lobule

External intercostals

Muscles elevating the ribs to aid in INHALATION

Upper respiratory system

Conditions air, filters, warms, and humidifies mostly in the nasal cavity

Lower respiratory system

Responsible for gas conduction and exchange

Nasal conchae

Ridges in the nasal cavity allowing for turbulation of inspired air - superior, middle, and inferior conchae

Pharynx

Muscular passage shared by the digestive and respiratory tract, connecting the nose, mouth, and throat; includes nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Larynx

A complex cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the glottis and vocal cords

Unpaired cartilages of the larynx

Thyroid (hyaline), cricoid (hyaline), epiglottis (elastic)

Thyroid cartilage

Adam's apple, shield-shaped, anterior and lateral portion of the larynx

Cricoid cartilage

Ring-shaped, complete ring around the larynx

Epiglottis

Shoe horn-shaped, folds over the glottis during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea

Paired laryngeal cartilages

Cuneiform (elastic), corniculate (hyaline), arytenoid (hyaline)

Vestibular folds

FALSE vocal cords

Vocal folds

TRUE vocal cords

Trachea

The windpipe, an airway extending from the larynx to the primary bronchi

Mediastinum

Thoracic cavity divided into two pleural cavities

Pleural cavity

Surrounds the lungs

Tracheal cartilages

C-shaped cartilage, 15-20 on the anterior/lateral tracheal surface

Primary bronchi

Left and right primary bronchus, first portions branching off the trachea

Secondary bronchi

Divides from the primary bronchi; in the left lung, the left primary bronchus has 2 branches, and in the right lung, there are 3 branches

Tertiary bronchi

Divides from the secondary bronchi; in the left lung, there are 9 segments, and in the right lung, there are 10 segments

Carina

An internal ridge between the entrance to the left and right primary bronchi

Right lung

Has three lobes - superior, middle, and inferior lobes; wider than the left lung

Left lung

Has 2 lobes - superior and inferior lobes; longer than the right lung

Oblique fissure

Separates the superior and inferior lobes in both the right and left lungs

Horizontal fissure

Separates the superior and middle lobe in the right lung

Respiratory bronchioles

Very delicate branch, narrowest airways, open to the alveolar ducts to deliver air to the gas exchange surfaces at the alveoli

Alveoli/alveous

Pockets at the end of the respiratory tree, site of gas exchange, surrounded by capillaries and elastic fibers

Type 1 pneumocyte

Allows for gas exchange

Type II pneumocyte

Produces surfactant

Internal intercostals

Muscles that depress the ribs to aid in EXHALATION