Life Cycle Exam 4

The nutritional needs of adolescents are MOST influenced by:

changes in weight, body composition, and skeletal mass

About 25% of teens’ energy intake is supplied by snacks; therefore, adolescents should ensure that their snacks are":

Nutrient dense

T/F: An adolescent following a vegan diet does not typically require any supplementation to achieve adequate nutrient intake

False

For greatest nutritional value, an adolescent should choose:

a whole orange

Which of the following is least likely to affect bone health?

chromium

Which of the following sexual maturation rating stages corresponds to breast development among people who are biologically a woman, and growth of pubic hair among individuals who are biologically a man?

stage 2

The average age of menarche for females in the U.S. is approximately:

twelve and a half years of age

Unhealthy responses to body fat accumulation by females may result in:

fasting

At which of the following stages of psychosocial development does a young person typically develop their personal identity and individual moral beliefs?

late adolescence

Cognitively, ___ is a time dominated by concrete thinking, egocentrism, and impulsive behavior. 

early adolescence

Which of the following choices presents an environmental factor that influences eating behavior in adolescents?

school meals

The average number of snacks consumed by adolescents daily is:

4.3

Which of the following factors is least likely to contribute to physical activity among adolescents?

lower levels of self-esteem

Alana is a thirteen-year-old female. How many grams of fiber per day does she need to achieve daily recommended intakes?

26 grams of fiber

Bone mass accrual by age eighteen is usually around:

90%

One of the last serum indicators of iron deficiency anemia is:

hemoglobin level

Which of the following dietary patterns is a key indicator of nutrition risk for adolescents?

Consuming a vegetarian or vegan diet

Which of the following dietary assessment methods used in clinical settings is appropriate for most people because it can be accomplished in a single interview?

dietary history

The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model developed by the ___ expanded the Coordinated School Health approach.

CDC

Which of the following legislations implements the Smart Snack in Schools program and requires that all foods and beverages sold to students during school hours meet sodium, added sugar, and grain requirements?

Healthy, Hunger Free Kids Act

T/F: An adolescent with a BMI-for-age of 94% is at risk for body image disturbances, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and sleep apnea.

True

A teen athlete who is playing in a 90-minute soccer match would benefit from which of the following hydration drinks?

juice diluted at a ratio of 1:2 with water or a sports drink with <6-8% carbohydrate

Adolescent risk factors such as rapid growth, inadequate mineral intake, vegan diets, skipping meals, and heavy menstrual bleeding can lead to a deficiency of:

iron

What is a risk factor for hypercholesterolemia in adolescence?

family history of cardiovascular disease

T/F: Mila is underweight for her age. She regularly experiences food binges, followed by excessive physical activity to “burn off” the calories. These behaviors fall under the classification of anorexia nervosa, non-restricting subtype.

True

T/F: Aging does not cause dehydration, but older adults may struggle to detect thirst signals

true

T/F: Medication interactions have no effect on nutrient absorption in older adults

false

T/F: diabetes type 2 primarily occurs due to autoimmune factors

false

T/F: iron needs for adolescent females increase significantly after menarche due to menstrual loss

true

At what stage do most adolescents experience menarche?

Tanner stage 3 or 4

What factors contribute to adolescent meal skipping?

time constraints

What physiological change is common in older adults that affects their nutrient absorption?

decreased stomach acidity

How does aging affect the metabolism of vitamin D?

decreased ability to synthesize vitamin D in the skin

What is the objective of community nutrition programs for older adults?

reduce malnutrition and enhance social interaction

In the context of cancer, what is the term “carcinogenesis” used to describe?

the process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells

With aging, which of the following physiological changes is observed?

decreased lean body mass

Which of the following best describes “metabolic obesity”?

Occurs when the body’s set point shifts and stabilizes at a higher weight level

Which of the following could be considered a barrier to good nutritional health in older adults?

social isolation

What does the term sarcopenia refer to?

loss of muscle mass due to aging

What dietary pattern is widely recommended for maintaining health among older adults?

Mediterranean-style diet

If a client’s target is 1800 kcal/day with 50% carb, how many kcal from carbs are required?

900 kcal

How many kcal must Maria cut in total to lose roughly 10 lb?

35,000

What is the target macronutrient distribution for a case study client preferring 45% carb, 25% protein, and 30% fat at 2500 kcal?

1125 kcal from carbs

To achieve a weight loss of 5 pounds over 10 weeks, what is the weekly caloric deficit target for the client?

1750 kcal

In determining daily grams for a moderate active client at a target of 2500 kcal, how many grams of fats should they aim for at 30%?

83 grams

If Maria plans to lose 10 lbs over 12 weeks, how many kcal does she need to cut per week?

2917 kcal

In re-balancing a lunch that currently has 60 g carbs, 15 g protein, and 20 g fat, what is the total kcal?

480 kcal

If James decides to cut 300 kcal/day, how much weight can he expect to lose in 12 weeks?

7-8 lbs

With an overall adjusted intake of 1800 kcal and a goal of 20% protein, how many grams of protein should the client aim for?

90 grams

What is the total kcal for a meal containing 45 g of carbs, 18 g of proteins, and 12 g of fat?

360 kcal

Youth with BMI values between the __ percentiles are considered overweight.

85th and 95th

Which of the following factors is the most likely cause of increases in prevalence and severity of obesity?

interactions between genetic and environmental factors

To be considered a candidate for bariatric surgery, adolescents must have a BMI greater than 35 with medical major complications, or a BMI of __ with minor comorbidities.

> 40

Weight-inclusive approaches to obesity prevention focus on”

the overall health of the individual

Which of the following teens would likely need a daily calcium supplement?

a teen who is unable to consume dairy products 

Which of the following choices is a common practice among adolescent athletes to improve physical performance?

carbohydrate loading

Competitive athletes may require an additional __ calories per day to meet their energy needs.

500-1500

Jaylen weighed 170 lbs before his workout and weighed 166 lbs after his workout. How much fluids should Jaylen consume after his workout to maintain proper hydration?

64 ounces

Special diets among adolescent athletes include high-protein diets, which places them at an increased risk for:

dehydration

Data support that current alcohol use in adolescence is reportedly:

29%

Foods high in ___ enhance the absorption of iron from the diet.

Vitamin C

Of the following lipid readings, which one would indicate hyperlipidemia in an adolescent?

triglycerides at 164 mg/dL

Current data suggest that dieting is most common among:

Hispanic females

Jada refuses to maintain a normal weight for her age and height, has an intense fear of becoming fat, regularly self-induces vomiting, and uses laxatives to lose weight. Based upon diagnostic criteria for eating disorders, which of the following disorders does Jada exhibit?

binge-eating/ purging type anorexia nervosa

One example of a medical criterion for inpatient treatment of eating disorders is:

liver dysfunction

Visceral fat is related to the development of metabolic disturbances, often resulting in:

insulin resistance

For healthy adults, the components of energy metabolism, listed from the highest to the lowest proportion, are:

basal metabolism, activity thermogenesis, and thermic effect of food

Many adults do not consume the recommended amounts of fiber. Which of the following foods provides fiber that promotes the development of a beneficial mix of mircrobiota in the gut, which stimulates the immune system?

apples

A measure of the nutrients that a food provides relative to the energy it provides is known as:

nutrient density

For routine physical activity, ___ is the best drink for hydration.

water

One example of a neighborhood and built environment of the social determinants of health model that may affect nutrition and health is:

quality of housing

A diet low in whole grains and fiber, high in dietary fat intake, high in nitrosamines, high in pickled and fermented food intake, and low in fruit and vegetable intake is called a(n) ___ diet.

carcinogenic

Men and women gradually begin to lose bone mass around age: 

40

In which of the following stages on the continuum of nutritional health are metabolic systems in homeostasis and organs functioning at an optimum level?

resilient stage

In which of the following stages on the continuum of nutritional health would elevated blood pressure and insulin resistance be evidence of one’s immune function being affected, resulting in the reduction of resistance to pathogens, radiation, and stress?

nonspecific signs and symptoms stage

Destiny wants to lose five pounds of body weight and is able to achieve a 350 calorie per day deficit through dietary intake and physical activity. How long will it take Destiny to lose these five pounds?

50 days

Which of the following terms refers to the amount of energy required for the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food?

thermal effect of food

Nyla follows a 2,000-calorie diet. She is eating 550 kcals from fat. Which of the following percentages of her calories is coming from fat?

27.5%

Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is a strong antioxidant, is essential in maintaining the integrity of the skin, and plays a central role in the development and differentiation of white blood cells that defend the body against pathogens?

Vitamin A

Which of the following statements related to fluids containing caffeine is true?

Caffeinated beverages contribute to daily total water intake

Which of the following components of the Eating Competence Model involves being comfortable with eating a preferred food, even if it is not the most nutritious, but also being able to settle for less-preferred foods when necessary to satisfy caloric or nutritional needs?

food acceptance 

Guidelines for physical activity suggest that”

2.5 hours per week of physical activity for health is necessary

Physical activity guidelines for American adults identify that muscle-strengthening activities should be included a minimum of __ per week.

2

Which of the following model health-promotion programs considers a culture in combining social marketing and community-building strategies to encourage maintenance of healthy weight by becoming more physically active and eating nutritious foods?

Sisters Together

Healthy people 2030 set a target to reduce food insecurity in all households to: 

6%

Which of the following measures is used to assess central adiposity and is a better indicator of health risk than BMI?

waist circumference

After 6 months following a lifestyle intervention program, a patient will typically see a decline in weight loss rate and weight plateau caused by: 

a decline in metabolic rate, body’s physiological response to protect from starvation, energy gap, and metabolic compensation of 8 kcal/lb lost per day

Greyson has an LDL level of 145 mg/dL and an HDL level of 35 mg/dL. He is at risk for: 

CVD

Type 1 diabetes is ___; type 2 diabetes is __.

an autoimmune disorder; a chronic condition involving insulin resistance

Which of the following foods increase the risk for developing cancer?

red and processed meats

Which of the following conditions associated with overweight and obesity is classified as a biochemical condition?

urinary stress

Severe obesity is associated with a BMI value in the range of __ kg/m2,

> 40

Oakley is forty years old, 71 inches tall, 261 pounds, and has a waist circumference of 106 cm. Oakley’s doctor says he is at risk for metabolic abnormalities and chronic diseases, mostly because Oakley:

has a high amount of visceral fat

Which of the following factors is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?

high coronary artery calcium score

Healthy People 2030 objectives related to cardiovascular disease aimed at maintenance of a healthy state include a plan to:

reduce the mean total blood cholesterol levels of adults

Which of the following dietary patterns is recommended for all young adults to prevent atherosclerosis?

cardio-protective diet

Viscous fiber holds water in the gut, forming a thick gel that reduces absorption of cholesterol-rich bile acids and carries them out the body, thereby reducing __ levels.

LDL

Which of the following combinations of symptoms would be diagnosed as metabolic syndrome?

male waist circumference of 42 inches, systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg, and HDL of 30 mg/dL

The goal of clinical management of metabolic syndrome is to reduce the risk of __ and progression to _.

atherosclerotic disease; diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the beta cells of the pancreas that produce __ are destroyed by the body’s own immune system.

insulin