BIO

Mouth

chews food and starts starch digestion

Salivary glands

produce saliva (amylase)

Oesophagus

moves food to stomach

Stomach

breaks down proteins

Duodenum

continues digestion with bile and enzymes

Small intestines

absorbs nutrients

Ileum

absorbs remaining nutrients (vitamin B12 and bile salts)

Pancreas

produces digestive enzymes

Liver

makes bile

Gall bladder

stores and releases bile

Large intestines

absorbs water and forms faeces

Rectum

stores faeces

Anus

expels faeces

Glucose test

Add glucose to benedict solution then place in a water bath, positive test = green - brick red

Starch test

Add iodine solution to starch sample, orange = no starch blue/black = present

Lipid test (emulstion test)

Add sample then decant and add ethanol then decant to another test tube of half water, positive test = cloudy

Protein test

protein test

Add protein sample then add copper sulphate and sodium hydroxide positve = lightblue to purple

Vitamin test

Add dcpip then add drops of sample and measure how many dropes it take for liquid to become clear

Why do we need a balanced diet

Meet energy needs, nutrition and keep alimentary canal working

Importance of Vitamins and minerals

Strengthen immune system and support metabolism

what is metabolism

All chemical reactions that take place in our body to maintain life converting food and drinks to energy

Importance of water

Body temperature regulation, to aid digestion,

What is coronary heart disease and how do u avoid it

The narrowing of arteries and restricts bloodflow in the heart, caused by too much cholestrol, fatty and processed food, need more fruit and veges and whole grains

What is kwashiorkor

Swollen bellies caused by protein deficiency

What is marasmus

Very skinny with no muscle, need more fats, more carbs and more proteins

What is vitamin D definiciency

Joint pain muscle cramps, calcium absorption gets bad, can avoid from fatty fish and sunlight

What is constipation

When it is difficult to pass bowel movements, Lack of fibre and dehydration causes this.

What is iron deficiency

When body lacks iron causing less production of haemoglobin, have iron rich foods like red meat and liver.

Calcium deficiency

You can get osteoporosis, weak brittle bones, can be gone by intaking lots of dairy products and vitamin D

Mechanical digestion

Process of breaking down larger food molecules into smaller ones physically to increase surface area for enzymes

Chemical digestion

Breaking larger insoluble food molecules into small soluble molecules

Use of bile

To neutralise acidic gastric juices entering the duodenum to a suitable pH also breaks down lipids to fatty acids and glycerol for surface area.

Ingestion

Taking food into the mouth

Digestion

The breakdown of food into smaller components to be absorbed by the body

Absorption

The action when the nutrients are taken up by the cells in the small intestine,

Assimilation

Nutrients are absorbed and used for energy, growth and cell repair

Egestion

Removal of undigested waste from the body

Strucute of villus

Has a lacteal to absorb fatty acids and glycero, has blood capillary to absorb glucose and amino acids

Enzyme

A protein which is a biological catalyst speeding up digestion chemically

Where is amylase, protease and lipase

In the small intestine and pancrease for protease in the stomach for amylase in the mouth