Unit 6 - Learning and Language

Acquisition

Acquisition

the initial learning of the stimulus-response relationship; as the NS and UCS are paired more often, the CR becomes stronger

Albert Bandura

Association

Associative Learning

linking two events that occur close together in time; timing is key for this

Avoidance Learning

B.F. Skinner

Babbling

Behavioral Perspective

Biological Preparedness

Classical Conditioning

learning associations between events and having automatic behavioral responses

Cognitive Maps

Conditioned Response (CR)

a learned response that is acquired through classical conditioning

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

a previously neutral stimulus that, through classical conditioning, acquires the ability to elicit a specific response.

Continuous Reinforcement

Cooing

Counter Conditioning

use extinction or new conditioning to help change unwanted responses

Escape Learning

Extinction

the diminishing of the CR when an UCS no longer follows the CS

Fixed Interval

Fixed Ratio

Grammar

Habituation

Higher-Order Conditioning

a procedure in which the CS in one experience is paired with a different NS to create a second CS

Insight Learning

Instinctive Drift

Ivan Pavlov

classically conditioned his dogs to associate a bell with food, causing them to salivate every time he rang the bell

John B. Watson

classically conditioned human emotions; conditioned a baby to associate white rats with a loud noise and fear them

Latent Learning

Law of Effect

Learned Helplessness

Modeling

Morphemes

Negative Reinforcement

One-Trial Conditioning

One-Word Stage

Operant Conditioning

Ivergeneralization

Overjustification Effect

Oartial Reinforcement

Phonemes

Positive Reinforcement

Primary Reinforcers

Punishment

Reinforcement

Reinforcement Discrimination

Reinforcement Generalization

Reinforcement Schedules

Scalloped Graph

Secondary Reinforcers

Semantics

Shaping

Social Learning Theory

Spontaneous Recovery

the reappearance of a weakened CR after a pause; suggests that extinction suppresses the CR rather than extinguishing it

Stimulus Discrimination

Stimulus Generalization

Superstitious Behavior

Syntax

Taste Aversion

survival mechanism - recognize food determined to be poisonous

Telegraphic Speech

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

natural reflexive reaction that occurs automatically without any prior learning or conditioning

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

something that naturally, or without learning, triggers a response

Variable Interval

Variable Ratio

Vicarious Conditioning