psy 108 LTM

Encoding

The process of putting information into long-term memory or memorizing.

Context-dependent memory

Memory that is influenced by the context in which it was learned, making retrieval easier when in the same context.

State-dependent memory

Memory retrieval that is more effective when an individual is in the same emotional or physical state as when the memory was formed.

Spreading activation

A cognitive process where activation of one memory spreads to related concepts, facilitating retrieval.

Episodic memory

Memory for personal events, allowing mental time travel in recall.

Semantic memory

Memory for facts and general knowledge, independent of personal experiences.

Retroactive interference

When new information interferes with the recall of previously learned information.

Proactive interference

When previously learned information interferes with the recall of new information.

Testing effect

The phenomenon where retrieving information from memory enhances long-term retention more than additional studying.

Flashbulb memories

Highly detailed and vivid memories of significant events, often associated with strong emotions.

Source monitoring error

A mistake in identifying the source of a memory, leading to false memories.

Misinformation effect

The phenomenon where misleading information after an event can affect and alter memory of that event.

Effortful retrieval

The deliberate process of trying to recall information which can enhance memory.

Memory reconstruction

The process of recalling memories in a way that can be influenced by bias and context, rather than pure accuracy.

Rehearsal

The cognitive process of repeatedly practicing information to strengthen memory retention.

Autobiographical memory

Memory of one's own life experiences, often involving emotional events.

Decay theory

The theory suggesting that memories fade over time due to non-use.

Amnesia

A condition characterized by memory loss, which can be either retrograde or anterograde.

Long-term memory

The storage of information over extended periods, involving complex encoding processes.

Cues

Stimuli that aid in memory retrieval by triggering associations.

Priming

The implicit influence of a prior experience on the response to a subsequent stimulus.