axial muscles

Occipitofrontalis frontal belly action

Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

Orbicularis Oculi action

Closes eye

Levator Labii Superioris action

Elevates upper lip

Depressor Labii Inferioris action

Depresses lower lip

Orbicularis Oris action

Compresses, purses lips

Mentalis action

Protrudes lower lip (pouting)

Sternocleidomastoid action

Bilaterally, flex neck. Unilaterally, laterally flex neck and turns face to opposite side.

Inferior rectus action

Eyes looks down

Medial rectus action

Eye looks medially

Superior rectus action

Eye looks up

Lateral rectus action

Eye looks laterally

Inferior oblique action

Eye rolls, looks up

Superior oblique action

Eye rolls, looks down

Zygomaticus major action

Elevates corner of mouth and draws it laterally

Zygomaticus minor action

Elevates upper lip

Temporalis action

Elevates/closes jaw

Diaphragm action

When contracted, it flattens and increases vertical dimension of thoracic cavity for inhalation. When relaxed, it moves superiorly and decreases vertical dimension of cavity for exhalation.

External Intercostals action

When contracted, they elevate ribs and increase anteroposterior dimension of thoracic cavity for inhalation. When relaxed, they depress ribs and decrease dimension of cavity for exhalation.

Internal Intercostals action

When contracted, depresses ribs during FORCED exhalation.

Rectus Abdominis action

Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen

External Oblique action

Acting together (bilaterally)-compress abdomen/flex vertebral column. Acting separately (unilaterally)-lateral flexion of vertebral column.

Internal Oblique action

Acting together (bilaterally)-compress abdomen/flex vertebral column. Acting separately (unilaterally)-lateral flexion of vertebral column and rotates column to same side.

Erector Spinae action

When contracting together (bilaterally)-they extend the vertebral column and maintain posture. When contracting separately (unilaterally)-they rotate and laterally flex the vertebral column.

Transverse Abdominis action

Compresses abdomen

masseter action

elevates mandible

occipitofrontalis frontal belly origin

epicranial aponeurosis

occipitofrontalist frontal belly insertion

skin of eyebrow and bridge of nose

orbicularis oculi origin

medial margin of orbit

orbicularis oculi insertion

skin around eyelids

levator labii superioris origin

inferior margin of orbit

levator labii superioris insertion

orbicularis oris

depressor labii inferioris origin

mandible

depressor labii inferioris insertion

skin of lower lip

orbicularis oris origin

maxilla and mandible

orbicularis oris insertion

lips

mentalis origin

mandible

mentalis insertion

skin of chin

sternocleidomastoid origin

clavicle and sternum

sternocleidomastoid insertion

mastoid process temporal bone

inferior rectus origin

sphenoid

inferior rectus insertion

inferior surface

medial rectus origin

sphenoid

medial rectus insertion

medial surface

superior rectus origin

sphenoid

superior rectus insertion

superior surface

lateral rectus origin

sphenoid

lateral rectus insertion

lateral surface

inferior oblique origin

maxilla

inferior oblique insertion

inferior/ lateral surface

superior oblique origin

sphenoid

superior oblique insertion

superior/lateral surface

zygomaticus major origin

zygomatic bone

zygomaticus major insertion

muscles at angle of mouth

zygomaticus minor origin

zygomatic bone

zygomaticus minor insertion

upper lip

temporalis origin

temporal bone

temporalis insertion

coronoid process of mandible

masseter origin

zygomatic arch

masseter insertion

mandible

diaphragm origin

xiphoid process of sternum/ costal cartilage ribs/ lumbar vertebrae and discs

diaphragm insertion

central tendon (towards center of diaphragm)

external intercostals origin

inferior border of rib above

external intercostals insertion

superior border of rib below

internal intercostals origin

superior border of rib below

internal intercostals insertion

inferior border of rib above

rectus abdominus origin

pubic crest and pubic symphysis

rectus abdominus insertion

Ribs 5-7/Xiphoid process of sternum

external oblique origin

lower ribs

external oblique insertion

iliac crest and linea alba

internal oblique origin

iliac crest

internal oblique insertion

lower three ribs/ linea alba

transverse abdominis origin

iliac crest/ ribs

transverse abdominus insertion

Xiphoid process ofsternum, lineaalba (midline) andpubic bone

erector spinae origin

Large muscle group extending from sacrum to the base of the skull. They attach to the vertebrae and ribs along the way.

erector spinae insertion

Large muscle group extending from sacrum to the base of the skull. The attach to the vertebrae and ribs along the way