Adolescent Development: Schools and Achievement

Flashcards covering vocabulary related to adolescent development, particularly focusing on schools and achievement.

Achievement

Performance in evaluative situations, including grades, GPA, and standardized test scores.

Microsystem

The immediate environment, including family, school, and peer interactions.

Mesosystem

Connections between different microsystems, like the relationship between school and home.

Exosystem

External environmental settings that indirectly influence a child, such as parent’s workplace or school board.

Macrosystem

Cultural attitudes and ideologies that shape a person's environment.

Chronosystem

Changes that occur over time in a person's environment.

Pygmalion effect

The phenomenon where higher expectations lead to an increase in performance.

Achievement goals

Reasons motivating a person's actions in achievement contexts, categorized into mastery and performance goals.

Fixed mindset

The belief that intelligence is static and unchangeable.

Growth mindset

The belief that intelligence can be developed through effort and learning.

Cultural capital

Resources provided within the home that expose adolescents to high culture, enhancing academic outcomes.

Social capital

The network of supportive relationships and resources available to an adolescent.

Non-cognitive factors

Personal characteristics, such as self-control and motivation, that influence achievement alongside cognitive abilities.

Self-efficacy

An individual's belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations.

Stereotype threat

The risk of conforming to stereotypes about one's social group, which can undermine performance.