AP World History: Modern Unit 1

Imperial Bureaucracy

Government system in Song China

Civil Service Exams

Exams that were given to Chinese applicants for a government position

Meritocracy

Exams taken by the people transformed the Chinese government into this

Grand Canal

Cheap form of transportation that connected northern and southern China

Champa rice

Fast ripening crop that expanded agricultural production

Proto-industrialization

Time in China where rural workers produced more goods than that sold in their community so they went outward to sell

Artisans

Produced luxury goods in China

Kowtow

Chinese custom where you would bow your head to the emperor

Scholar Gentry

New class where they would study Confucianism and take the exams

Foot binding

Practice that began in the Song Dynasty where women would bind their feet

Woodblock printing

System that the Chinese would use to copy stuff from one paper to another

Theravada Buddhism

Type of Buddhism popular in Southeast Asia

Mahayana Buddhism

Type of Buddhism popular in China and Korea

Tibetan Buddhism

Type of Buddhism popular in Tibet

Zen Buddhism

Type of Buddhism that combined with Daoust religion which made it a syncretic belief

Filial Piety

Respect for parents in Song China

Neo-Confucianism

Syncretic system combining Daoism Buddhism and Confucianism used by the government to appease the population

Heian Period

Japan copied a bunch of Chinese traditions

Feudalism in Japan

Type of system in Japan with the shogun daimyo samurai and peasants

Nuclear Family

Type of family in Vietnam with wife husband and children

House of Wisdom

Center of learning in Baghdad

Mamluks

Ethnic Turks from Central Asia who served as soldiers to Arabs

Mamluk Sultanate

Mamluks seized control of the in Egypt and established this empire

Seljuk Turks

Muslims who were from Central Asia and provided a challenge to the Abbasids

Crusaders

European Christians organized groups of soldiers to reopen access to Jerusalem

Abbasid Caliphate

Empire that was led by Arabs and Persians but later fell apart and area was shaped by Turkic peoples from people from Central Asia

Vijayanagara Empire

Empire in Southern India that was established by two brothers

Qutub Minar

#monumentalarchitecture and this example has both Islam + Hinduism

Animism

Belief that the Incans believed in

Hausa Kingdom

Collection of states loosely connected through kinship ties

Lay Investiture Controversy

A great struggle between church and state in the medieval West

Theocracy

Type of government used by the Aztecs

Temple of the Sun

Core of the Incan religion and this was basically the cultural capital

Zanj Rebellion

a major uprising against the Islamic Abbasid Caliphate

Nasir al-Din Tusi

Islamic scholar who made many scientific and mathematical advancements

Aishah al-Ba'uniyyah

Sufi female writer and poet

Sufis

Mystical Muslim group

Rajput Kingdoms

Hindu decentralized kingdoms formed in Northern India

Delhi Sultanate

Islamic state in northern India that reigned for 309 years

Bhakti Movement

Movement that was mystical and wanted to erase the distinction between Hinduism and Islam

Srivijaya Empire

Hindu kingdom in Southeast Asia that charged fees for ships passing between India and China

Majapahit kingdom

Buddhist kingdom that controlled sea routes

Sinhala Dynasties

Kingdom in Sri Lanka that was mainly Buddhist

Khmer Empire

Kingdom in Southeast Asia that had complex irrigation systems

Sukhothai Kingdom

Kicked the Khmer Empire out

Cahokia

Huge mound created by the Mississippian Culture

Human sacrifices

Used by the Mayans and the Aztecs to control the population

City-state

Type of government used by the Mayans where a king would rule a city

Pachacuti

Leader of the Incas

Mita System

System used by the Incas that was mandatory public service

Carpa Nan

Large road made by the Incans

Quipu

System of knots

Kin-based networks

Structure in Africa where families governed themselves

Great Zimbabwe

Large wall that encompassed the entire city

Swahili

Language that blended Bantu and Arabic

Feudalism

European system with nobles knights and peasants

Manorial System

Economic system that is based on self-sufficient manors

Serfs

Peasants tied to the land

three-field system

System where crops were rotated

Estates General

France's first parliament

Magna Carta

Kings had to respect some rights for the nobles in court

English Parliament

Development that increased the rights of the English nobility and represented the nobles in government

Hundred Years War

War between England and France

Great Schism

Split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Church

Primogeniture

A system where the eldest son inherits all

Crusades

Europeans tried to retake Jerusalem in these series of wars

Little Ice Age

Period of cooling which reduced agricultural productivity so cities and trade grew slower

Renaissance

Rebirth movement following the Middle Ages in Europe which originated in Italy

Humanism

Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from the church and more towards the individual

Shinto

Religion in Japan

Goryeo

Rulers of Korea