Chemical Compounds and Nomenclature

These flashcards cover key definitions, rules, and examples related to chemical compounds and their nomenclature.

What are binary ionic compounds?

Compounds formed between a metal (+) and a non-metal (−).

How is the name of a binary ionic compound traditionally formatted?

Metal name first, followed by non-metal name with '-ide' ending.

What should be used to indicate the charge of multivalent metals in binary ionic compounds?

Roman numerals (Stock System) or '-ous/-ic' (Classical).

Provide an example of a binary ionic compound using the Stock System.

Fe₂O₃ → Iron(III) oxide.

What defines binary covalent compounds?

Two non-metals sharing electrons, with no ions.

What prefixes are used in the naming of binary covalent compounds?

Mono-, di-, tri-, etc.

Give an example of a binary covalent compound.

N₂O₅ → Dinitrogen pentoxide.

What is the defining characteristic of binary acids?

Acids with hydrogen + one non-metal (no oxygen).

What is the naming convention for binary acids?

Prefix: hydro-, Suffix: -ic acid.

Provide an example of a binary acid.

HCl → Hydrochloric acid.

What are oxy-acids?

Acids with hydrogen + polyatomic ion containing oxygen.

How are oxy-acids named based on the polyatomic ion?

-ate ion → -ic acid; -ite ion → -ous acid.

Provide an example of an oxy-acid.

H₂SO₄ → Sulfuric acid.

What are polyatomic ions?

Charged groups of covalently bonded atoms.

How should common polyatomic ions be memorized?

Memorize names and charges (e.g., NO₃⁻ = nitrate).

What defines bases in chemistry?

Ionic compounds containing metal + OH⁻.

How are bases named?

As ionic compounds: '[Metal] hydroxide.'

Provide an example of a base.

KOH → Potassium hydroxide.

What are hydrated salts?

Salts with water molecules attached.

What is the naming format for hydrated salts?

Use prefixes (mono-, di-, tri-, etc.) + 'hydrate.'

Give an example of a hydrated salt.

CuSO₄·5H₂O → Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate.

What are thio compounds?

Compounds where oxygen in a polyatomic ion is replaced by sulfur.

What prefix is used for thio compounds?

Thio-.

Provide an example of a thio compound.

Na₂S₂O₃ → Sodium thiosulfate.

What are the Classical and Stock systems?

Two naming methods for multivalent metals.

How is the stock system defined?

Using Roman numerals to indicate charge.

Provide an example of a compound named using the Classical system.

CuCl → Copper(I) chloride.

What characterizes salts with remaining hydrogen?

Partial H⁺ remains on polyatomic ions.

How are these salts named?

With 'hydrogen' or 'dihydrogen' prefixes.

Provide an example of a salt with a remaining hydrogen.

NaHCO₃ → Sodium hydrogen carbonate.