Systems Path Section 5 - The heart pg 76-100

progressive heart failure, secondary to ischemic damage due to past MI or long-term CAD

chronic ischemic heart disease

sudden sustained arrhythmia leading to pump failure and death

sudden cardiac death (SCD)

MC cause of SCD

ischemic injury (CAD)

how does someone get SCD?

interruption of normal heart rhythm leading to systole or v-fib

who/why does someone get SCD?

Hx. of MI leading to fibrosis of heart, cardiomyopathies

chest wall trauma induced arrhythmia which causes SCD and is 50% lethal

commotion cordis

who does commotio cords occur in?

younger male athletes with underdeveloped chest

valvular heart diseases

stenosis, insufficiency, murmur

narrowing of heart valve, failure to open (calcification or fibrosis)

stenosis

failure of heart valve to close

insufficiency (aka regurgitation or incompetence)

turbulent flow through diseased valve

murmur

turbulence causing palpable vibration in heart

thrill

Mc cause of aortic valve stenosis

calcific aortic stenosis

symptoms of the early stages of calcific aortic stenosis

asymptomatic, murmur, decreased cardiac output

symptoms of late stages of calcific aortic stenosis

left ventricular hypertrophy, Ca+-> severe stenosis

who is most likely to get calcific aortic stenosis ?

70-80 or younger with bicuspid aortic valve

risks associated with calcific aortic stenosis

HTN, infection/inflammation, increased cholesterol, bicuspid aortic valve

inflammatory valve disease 2-3 weeks after group A beta hemolytic strep infection NOT active bacterial infection

rheumatic valve disease

how does rheumatic valve disease occur?

immune cross reactivity due to molecular mimicry causing left side valve damage (mitral) and potential valve fusion

who is most likely to get rheumatic valve disease?

5-15 + untreated strep throat

why would someone get rheumatic valve disease?

untreated group A beta hemolytic strep

symptoms of rheumatic valve disease

fever, carditis (children), migratory polyarthritis (adults), Sydenham's chorea, skin rash

skin rash associated with rheumatic fever

erythema marginatum

what is found in 1/3 of all cases of acute rheumatic fever because of damage to corpus striatum and basal ganglia?

sydenham's chorea

70% of rheumatic valvular disease involves which valve?

mitral

rheumatic heart disease symptoms/signs

pancarditis, possible arrhythmia, valvular damage, Aschoff bodies, fibrosis