Socialisation

Socialisation 

The process by which an individual learns the norms and values of society. The way in which we learn to be members of society

Agencies of socialisation

Groups or institutions were socialisation occurs. Through these we learn the norms and values of society

Primary socialisation

A stage of socialisation that occurs within the family. This is the first stage of socialisation that children undergo

Secondary socialisation

Socialisation that occurs beyond the family. The second stage of socialisation

Focal agency

The agency of socialisation that is the dominant influence on someone. This can change

Conformity

Matching attitudes, beliefs and behaviors to the norms and standards of society

Skelton and Francis (2003)

Looked at peer groups in primary schools. They found that play was very gendered, with boys dominating the space and girls taking part in separate activities such as skipping

Reay (1998)

Studied 33 mothers in London. The middle class mothers had more time and energy to spend with their children, while working class mothers had less time and energy to spend with their children. She believed this lead to different levels of socialisation between the children

Butler (1995)

Studied how a group of Muslim girls born in Britain adapted their religious beliefs to fit in with the culture around them. Although they were firmly committed to their religion, they modified it in some ways, like rejecting arranged marriages

Formal education

Education where a child learns through the official curriculum e.g. Maths and English

Informal education

Education that provides students with the opportunity to learn outside the classroom, e.g. read a book from the library

Hidden curriculum

Learning rules, routines and regulations in school. Students learn this without necessarily knowing they are learning it

Secularisation

The decline of religion and the loss of the social significance of religion

Bruce (2003)

Describes how the black clergy, lead my Martin Luther King, used religious links to bring about social change

Young (2002)

Argues that the lower working class live in a bulimic society. This is created by media. Therefore media is partially responsible for crimes such as theft as they want consumer goods

Cultural deprivation system

Theory that the bottom of the class system are deprived of certain values and norms

Paul Willis

Wrote ‘How working class kids get working class jobs’. He found that working class boys often reject school and create their own counter culture. This rejection prepares them for low status jobs

Peer pressure

The influence that individuals in a social group exert on one another to conform to certain behaviors, attitudes or values

Onboarding

The process in which new employees acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and behaviors to become effective members

Canteen culture

A set of norms and values that people who work in a particular organisation will be socialised to accepts, so that certain language, behavior and attitudes become the norm

Gender socialisation

Learning the psychological and social traits associated with someones sex

Race socialisation

The process through which children learn the behaviors, values and attitudes associated with racial groups

Class socialisation

Teaches the norms, values, traits and behaviors you develop based on the social class you are in

Anticipatory socialisation

The social process where people learn to take on the value and standards of groups that they plan to join

Resocialisation

Where a persons environment is carefully controlled to encourage them to develop a new set of norms, values or beliefs