Human phys- fractures

Fracture

a break in the continnuity of the bone

compound fracture

a fracture that tears through the skin, requires sugery

simple fracture

a bone break that does not penetrate the skin

Transverse fracture 

a type of bone fracture where the break occurs perpendicular (at a 90-degree angle) to the long axis of the bone

oblique fracture

a diagonal break in a bone caused by a bending force

spiral fracture

a bone fracture that occurs when a bone is twisted or rotated along its axis caused by indirect rotation

commminuted fracture

a fracture where the bone is shattered and in multiple fragments

segmental fracture

2 fractures in 1 bone leading to a free segment

stress fracture

a small, hairline crack in a bone that occurs due to repetitive stress or overuse

greenstick fracture

Common in children, occurs when the bone bends and cracks on one side but does not break completely

depression fracture

a  skull fracture where a portion of the skull bone is depressed or pushed inward

Closed reduction

manually fixed, no surgery needed

open reduction

surgery required for the bone to be fixed

closed reduction can be used for:

dents, greenstick fractures, less risk

open reduction requires:

plates, screws, pins, rods ets

rods are used for

larger bone stability, ex: tibia, femur

plates and screws are used for

bones that are too large, at a bad angle

pins are used for 

small pieces of bone

open reduction can be used for:

shattered messy pieces of bone with long healing periods

distal fracture 

a break in a bone that is near the end of a limb

medial fracture

a break in a bone that is in the middle of a limb

proximal fracture

a bone break that is near the closest part of the limb to the body

displacement

when a bone breaks and becomes completley out of place

marginally displaced

when a bone breaks and comes out of places slightly

Angulation

bone fracturre where the bones are displaced at an angle to each other

hematoma

the 1st stage of healing, bleeding and swelling inside of the body that keeps the bone in position

fibrocartilage callus 

2nd stage of the healing process, 3 weeks. sepreated bone pieces get held together by fiberous cartilage

bony callus

3rd stage, +3 weeks, osteoblasts deposit bone tissue and turn cartilage into spongy bone

bone remodeling

4th stage, 4 months. Slowly are able to use the body part to strengthen where the fracture was, the spongy bone turns into compact bone