Exam #3 Study Guide PHS/HS 310 Spring 2026

A set of vocabulary flashcards designed to aid in the understanding of key concepts related to injury prevention, mental health, and health literacy for an upcoming exam.

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Traumatic events that occur before the age of 18, linked to increased risk of chronic diseases and mental illness.

Risk of drowning by age group

Highest risk in bathtubs for infants under 1, swimming pools for children 1-4, and natural waters for those 15 and older.

Motor vehicle accident prevention strategies

Includes wearing seatbelts, using car seats, obeying speed limits, and not texting or drinking while driving.

Neurotransmitters associated with Schizophrenia

Characterized by decreased glutamate and increased dopamine.

Sensitivity in screening tests

The ability to correctly identify those with a disease, minimizing false negatives.

Specificity in screening tests

The ability to correctly identify those without a disease, minimizing false positives.

Positive predictive value

The probability that a person with a positive test result actually has the disease.

Negative predictive value

The probability that a person with a negative test result does not have the disease.

Validity in screening tests

Ensures a test accurately measures what it is intended to measure.

Reliability in screening tests

Ensures a test produces stable results when repeated under the same conditions.

Health Literacy

The degree to which individuals can obtain, process, and understand basic health information to make informed health decisions.

Universal precaution approach to health literacy

Assumes all patients may struggle to understand healthcare instructions.

Public Health Advocacy

Promoting policies to improve population health and drives systematic changes.

Shared decision-making

A patient-centered process where both the patient and clinician exchange information and jointly make decisions.

Barriers to preventive care

Includes limited access to health services, cost, logistics, lack of awareness, and low health literacy.

Screening recommendations for older adults

Includes annual assessments and specific screenings for conditions like dementia and fall risk.