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Augustus (Octavian)
Caesar's adopted son. Eventually became Rome's sole ruler.
Pax Romana
Roman peace (200 years)
aqueduct
raised channel used to carry water from mountains into cities
vault
set of arches that supports the roof of a building
Colosseum
huge building constructed for gladiator fights
frescoes
type of painting done on plaster
Virgil
author who wrote the great epic about the founding of Rome called the "Aeneid"
Romance language
Languages that developed from Latin (Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, & Romanian)
Christianity
religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
Crucifixion
type of execution in which a person was nailed to a cross
resurrection
Jesus' rise from the dead. Signals victory over death and sin.
disciples
Jesus' followers
Paul (of Tarsus)
A well-educated Jew and Roman citizen who spread early Christianity.
Constantine
Roman emperor who became Christian in the early 300s and stopped Christianity persecution. Moved Roman capital to the east and called it Constantinople. (present day Turkey)
Diocletian
Divided the Roman Empire into 2 parts. He ruled the eastern half.
Huns
fierce warriors from Central Asia
Attila
Hun leader
Byzantine Empire
The name of the Eastern Roman Empire
Theodosius
Made Christianity Rome's official religion
3 Roman idea the US borrowed
equality under the law, presumption of innocence, fair judges
Tetrarchy
rule by four
Latin
The language of the Romans
Eastern and Western Empires
Roman empire split into 2 parts by Diocletian
Jewish community
Where early Christianity began to develop
Salvation
(Christianity) the act of delivering from sin or saving from evil
Pope
Head of the Roman Catholic Church
Economic Factors (Caused Rome to Fall)
Currency lost value, people heavily taxed & trade interrupted
Political Factors (Caused Rome to Fall)
frequent change of emperors, empire too big, power gained by local leaders
Military Factors (Caused Rome to Fall)
Fighting Parthian and Germanic tribes and civil wars
Social Factors (Caused Rome to Fall)
rich and poor gap, civic responsibility no longer important, more criminal organizations
Praetorian Guard
The elite bodyguard of a Roman Emperor
Barbarians/Germanic Tribes
Anyone who lived along the frontiers of the Roman Empire. They were not citizens and fought against Rome's expansion into their lands.
Roman soldiers
built the roman roads, aqueducts, and bridges
Appian Way
a famous ancient Roman road
Villas
country homes belonging to rich Romans
oratory
the art of public speaking
bas-relief
Sculpture whose ornament or figures are somewhat raised above the background
Mosaics
Pictures made with pieces of colored stone or glass
arch
led to the creation of the vault and dome.
Standardized pay
improved trade, tax collecting, and used to pay soldiers in Rome
gladiators
trained fighters, usually slaves, who fought in arenas as entertainment
concrete
building material made by mixing small stones and sand with limestone, clay, and water(Romans used volcanic ash) helped them build strong, tall buildings
