L2 World History (9th Grade) - Islam

Chapter 10

Abraham

The founder of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. In Islamic belief he is believed to have 2 children named Ishmael (Islam) and Isaac (Christian) with his wife Hagar

Jerusalem

An important city for Islamic faith since they controlled the area around it for 400 years

Monotheism

The belief in one god

Allah

The god of Islamic faith

Mosque

The place where Muslims pray

Baghdad

The city the Abbasidds created and made capital; it contained the house of wisdom

Medina

Used to be called Yathrib, but after Muhammed came and converted everyone into Muslim and built the first mosque, he renamed it Medina which is what it is called now.

Imam

The leadership position in the Sunni Muslims which leads people in prayer. The people are believed to be descendants of Ali

Shi’a

The group of Muslims who believed that Ali should’ve become Caliph instead of Abu Bakr (believed Sunnis wanted to acquire wealth and strayed away from the original message)

House of Wisdom

A building in Baghdad which contained texts from all over the world. These would be translated and explored further upon

Islam

The monotheistic Arabic Religion that says Allah is god with the holy text being the Qur’an

Shari’a

The Arabic law, which is derived from the Qur’an

Polytheism

The belief in multiple gods

Muhammed

The prophet which founded the religion of Islam; he was a social, political, and military leader

Mecca

The holy city of Islam where Muhammed was born, which millions of Muslims travel to every year during the Hajj to see Ka’aba

Arabic

The language needed to learn and practice Islam; it is also the national language of Saudi Arabia

Sunni

The largest branch of Islam which believed there was no chosen successor

The reason there is Shi’a and Sunni

There was disagreement on the successor of Muhammed;

Shi’a believed that Ali, a relative should be successor

Sunni believed that there was no chosen successor, therefore Abu Bakr was next in line

Ka’aba

The cube in the center of Mecca originally built by Abraham, destroyed during the great flood, and then rebuilt by Muhammed

Qur’an

The laws /book which Muhammed made because of Allah; they have become the holy book, and laws are based off the book

Muslim

The term for someone who has Islamic faith

Hajj

One of the five pillars of Islam which states that one should travel to Mecca during their lifetime. It usually happens on the 8th-13th days of the last month of the Islamic calendar

Umayyads

The first dynasty of Islam which moved the capital to Damascus to have a central position of trade, but were not favored and therefore overthrown by the Abbasids

Abbasids

The dynasty that killed every Umayyad, built the capital Baghdad, funded science, and expanded

Jihad

The word for Struggle or effort; the Muslims use it as an effort to practice religion

5 pillars of Islam

1. Shahaadah (Faith): Reciting the Qur’an

2. Salaat (Prayer): Pray 5 times a day towards Mecca.

3. Zakat (Charity)

4. Sawm (Fasting): Not eating during the month of ramadan at light

5. Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Gabriel

The angel of Allah which communicated with Muhammed (he is called Jibrail)

Hijra

The journey Muhammed and his followers took from Medina/Yathrib to Mecca to take it over

Sunna

The practices/things Muhammed did which became a tradition and eventually became the role model for the ideal person

Caliph

The leader of the Islamic empire

Rightly guided Caliphs

The first 4 Caliphs which expanded the Islamic empire by conquest and giving benefits to those who converted (they all knew Muhammed personally)

1. Abu Bakr

2. Umar

3. Uthman

4. Ali

Arabesque

A type of Arabic art consisting of patterns. They are usually displayed in large arrays on the floor or on buildings

People of the book

The Islamic term for people who follow a book; usually referring to Christians or Jews

Calligraphy

The art of beautiful writing, in Saudi Arabia most calligraphy is from the Qur’an which is considered the highest form of calligraphy

Dome of the Rock

The octagonal holy structure in Jerusalem was built during the Umayyad reign. It was built at the place where Muhammed went to heaven

What is the color that represented Muhammed?

Green

Why is there no pictures of anything living in Arabic culture?

only Allah is allowed to create living beings, and it is very disrespectful to impersonate Allah

Are God, Yaweh, and Allah the same god?

Yes

Sakks

Checks used to easily transfer money for trade so that merchants could transfer money from one bank to another

Ishmael

The child that Abraham had with Hagar. God told him to sacrafice him, but then stopped him.