Chp 7 Economics: Working, Sharing, and Buying

Malay

________ entrepreneurs attempt to balance improving their material lives through capitalism with maintaining traditional cultural norms and practices.

Mauss

________ considered the moral and spiritual dimensions of gift giving.

Appropriation

________- the process of taking possession of an object, idea, or relationship and making it ones own.

Karen Ho

________ (2009) studied Wall Street investment banks using the traditional anthropological methods of participant observation and open- ended interviews.

Property ownership

________ is about social relationships and actions.

Anthropologists

________ are less concerned with predicting patterns and helping people earn and maintain wealth.

Consumption

________- the act of using and assigning meaning to a good, service, or relationship.

Surplus value

________- the difference between what people produce and what they need to survive.

social institution Market

________ - a(n) social institution in which people come together to exchange goods and services.

formal economics

Polanyi distinguished between ________ (the branch of economics that studies the underlying logic of economic thought and action) and substantive economics (a branch of economics that studies the daily transactions people engage in to get what they need or desire)

Patricia Sloan

________ (1999) studied Malay entrepreneurs in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Cash

________ is often considered inappropriate because it places a concrete value of a relationship.

General purpose money

________ - money that is used to buy nearly any good or service.

Redistribution

________- the collection of goods in a community and then the further dispersal of those goods among members.

Marxists

________ focus on the concept of surplus value: the difference between what people produce and what they need to survive.

tension

The relationship between debtor- creditor is thus full of ________ and conflict.

Value

________ - the relative worth of an object or service that makes it desirable.

Bride price

________ must be paid with the limited- purpose money of cattle, and cattle must be purchased with the limited- purpose money of brass rods.

Reciprocity

________- the five- and- take that builds and confirms relationships.

Great Transformation

Economist Karl Polanyi addressed Smiths assumption in The ________ (1944)

Kula

The ________ ring systematically conveyed armbands "counterclockwise "and necklaces "clockwise "(see Figure 8.6)

Marxist analysis

________ directed anthropological focus toward issues of power, domination, and the unequal distribution of wealth.

Capitalism

________- an economic system based on private ownership of the means of production, in which prices are set and goods distributed through a market.

Commodities

________- mass- produced and impersonal goods with no meaning or history apart from themselves.

Consumers

________- people who rely on goods and services not produced by their own labor.

indigenous Maya groups

Among ________ of southern Mexico and Guatemala, men traditionally participate in the cofradía system, a politicoreligious system that requires them to share generously with the community to gain and maintain high- status positions in the local hierarchy.

Malinowski

________ famously documented the Kula, an interisland exchange network in which men pass ornamental shell armbands and necklaces along to recipients on other islands.

Polynesian

In Melanesian and ________ societies, some objects can not be given away or separated from their original owners.

Smith

________ used a sewing pin to illustrate the division of labor.

American gift exchanges

________ follow implicit rules and should embody the relationship between giver and receiver.

Negative reciprocity

________- a form of reciprocity in which the giver attempts to giet something for nothing, to haggle his or her way into a favorable personal outcome.

Transactional orders

________- realms of transactions a community uses, each with its own set of symbolic meanings and moral assumptions.

Marcel Mauss

In 1924, ________ published The Gift, a comparative study of gift exchange in non- Western societies.

Gift exchange

________ establishes social status, reaffirms relationships, and gives people access to good and sometimes, influence.

Exchange

________- the transfer of objects and services between social actors.

personal gifts

Moderately ________ are things like commodities: mass- produced and impersonal goods with no meaning or history apart from themselves.

Delayed reciprocity

________ - a(n) form of reciprocity that features a long lag time between receiving a gift and paying it back.

Division of labor

________- the cooperative organization of work into specialized tasks and roles.

Substantivists

________ explored how these institutions shape redistribution: the collection of goods in a community and then redivision of those goods among members.

Economic system

________- the structured patterns and relationships through which people exchange goods and services.

Personal relationships

________ and local knowledge are essential to successful transactions; massive financial markets depend on these factors as much as any merchant in a rural village.

Substantive economics

________- a branch of economics, inspired by the work of Karl Polanyi, that studies the daily transactions people engage in to get what they need or desire.

Trobriand Kula

The ________ illustrates a system of delayed reciprocity: a form of reciprocity in which there is a long lag time between giving and receiving.

substantivist formalist debate

The ________ was never formally resolved, in large part because the two sides were talking past each other.

Commodity money

________- money with another value beyond itself, such as gold or other previous metals, which can be used as jewelry or ornament.

Cultural economics

________- an anthropological approach to economics that focuses on how symbols and morals help shape a communitys economy.