bio replication

find Griffiths transforming principle

bacteria are able to take genetic material from the environment and incorporated into the genetic material

describe Griffiths experiments and what happened to the mice

harmless bacteria could become deadly when mixed with a dead disease causing bacteria making the mice die

what did Avery do in order to further Griffiths discovery

identify the transforming principle as DNA not proteins by isolating different molecules from the bacteria

what was Hershey and Chase experiment and what was concluded from the study

they used infected bacteria and let viruses live on them like concluded that dna what inside the cell but not proteins dna is genetic material

what was Watson and Crick's discovered how are they able to do this

they found that DNA is a double helix photo 51 and built physical models

what did Franklin and Wilkins do what was the importance of this

franklin took photo 51 of DNA structure wilkins show Watson and Creek the photo it helped wants an uncircuit figure out that DNA is a double helix

what are chargaffs rules who discovered them

adenine plus thymine cytosine plus guanine erwin chargaff

What types of bonbs are between bases or as it's important what types of bonds are between the back bones of DNA

Hydrogen bonds they're easier to break carbon bonds

what are the four bases and what are their pairing rules

Adenine thymine cytosine guanine a + t c + g

Which bases are pyrimidine and which bases are purines

A + G are purines C + T are pyrimidines

what is a nucleotide and what makes up a nucleotide what are the differences between the four nucleotides that make up DNA

The building blocks of DNA Sugar phosphate and nitrogenous bases the each have a different base a t c g

and what step of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place

S- synthesis

What is the backbone of DNA made out of the main job of the backbone of DNA

sugar and phosphate to provide structure and support for the molecule

what makes up the rungs of DNA what is the main purpose of the rungs of DNA

the nitrogenous bases to store genetic information

dna is considered to be semi conservative what does this mean

That each DNA molecule is original strand and one newly made strand

What does helicase do in the process of DNA replication

it unzips the DNA strands

what does DNA code for and why is it important

Proteins organisms wouldn't grow function or survive without dna

what does DNA polymerase do in the process of DNA replication in which direction does it work

It builds new DNA strands and ads new nucleotide 5’ to 3’

what does primase do in the process of DNA replication

put a primer flag down for the polymerase to find

what is a primer and why is it important

A short RNA sequence it tells polymerase where to start building bases

What does SSBP do in replication

It binds to the strand to stabilize it

explain the difference between the leading strand and lagging strand

Leading - continuous, 5’-3’

lagging - fragments, 3’-5’, works backwards

Where does DNA replication take place

The cells nucleus

Explain a detail the steps of RNA replication for both waiting and lagging strands of DNA

1. helicase unzips dna

2. ssbp stabilizes dna strands

3. primase lays a primer

4. polymerase finds primer and lays bases

5. primase lays primers in fragments

6. polymerase builds basis in Okasaki fragments

7. ligase glues fragments together

8. polymerase proofreads the strands

complimentary strands of t a c t g a

a t g a c t

If 100 bases are present and 45 are g how many are a

45 +45 = 90

100-90 = 10

10/2 = 5 a=5