2258-BIOL Human Anatomy & Physiology Exam 3 Prep

Module 8

Inhibiting renin and aldosterone secretion

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) promotes sodium loss by:

Juxtamedullary nephrons extend deep into the medulla

Which characteristic best distinguishes juxtamedullary nephrons from cortical nephrons?

Sodium chloride concentration in the filtrate

What does the macula densa monitor to help regulate GFR?

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Which hormone increases GFR by dilating afferent arterioles and inhibiting renin release?

Carrying out most reabsorptive and secretory functions

Cortical nephrons are primarily involved in:

It relaxes to allow urine to flow

During voluntary urination, what happens to the external urethral sphincter?

It decreases GFR

What effect would increased colloid osmotic pressure of the glomerular capillaries have on glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

sodium and chloride

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to

hypotonic

As filtrate moves through this structure, it becomes______ to blood plasma

They regulate pH by managing H⁺ and HCO₃⁻ levels

Which of the following is true about the role of intercalated cells?

Bacterial entry through the urethra

Which of the following is a common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Renin

Which hormone is released during low blood pressure and acts as an extrinsic regulator of GFR?

Stretch receptors in the bladder wall

What initiates the micturition reflex?

Urine volume increases and becomes more dilute

In the absence of ADH, what happens to urine output?

Severe pain and blood in the urine (hematuria)

Which symptom is most commonly associated with a kidney stone moving through the ureter?

Diabetes mellitus

The presence of glucose in the urine (glucosuria) is most commonly associated with which condition?

Regulation of water and sodium reabsorption

What is the main function of principal cells in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

Bladder

Where is urine stored prior to elimination from the body?

Glomerulus

Where in the nephron does filtration of blood primarily occur?

Sodium chloride concentration in the filtrate

What does the macula densa monitory to help regulate GFR?

Paracellular

Reabsorption moves substances between cells in the PCT.

Transcellular

Reabsorption moves substances through the cells PCT

Detrusor Muscle

Which muscle contracts to expel urine from the bladder during micturition?

Minor Calyx

Where does urine go immediately after it exits the collecting duct?

Water reabsorption that occurs regardless of the body’s hydration status.

What is obligatory water reabsorption?

Increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion into the distal tubule and collecting duct.

What does aldosterone do at the level of the nephron?

Low blood pressure

What is the primary stimulus for the release of renin by juxtaglomerular cells?

Transporting urine to the bladder

What is the main function of the ureteres?